正交变换的信息特征分析与选择的研究

对测绘模式识别理论进行研究，特别是对信息特征选择的理论与方法进行分析，在最小均方误差（MSE）准则下，建立了信息特征选择的优化理论模型，并给出解算结果，从而指出了卡南－洛伊夫变换（KLT）是信息特征选择的最优正交变换。根据信息论中熵函数的思想，建立一种新的熵函数－第二表示熵，用它分析KLT下的信息特征及KLT后特征值的信息载荷，从而当给出误差限后，提出信息特征优化选择的一种算法。最后给出在测绘模式识别中的应用模型及算例。     

跨国公司对华直接投资区位选择战略分析

区位因素是影响跨国公司制定对外直接投资战略的重要因素之一。本文以香港、澳门、日本、韩国、美国、德国等国家和地区为代表，分析了跨国公司对华直接投资的动机及区位选择战略，在此基础上提出加入WTO之后中国企业海外直接投资的区位选择战略。     

红山文化牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景与人地关系研究

本文对辽宁凌源市红山文化牛河梁遗址区的地形进行了考察,对建筑石料进行了鉴定,证明当时人类对地形和岩性的认识和利用已具有较高水平。对遗址文化层的动植物残体分析、孢粉分析及附近大凌河上游全新世沉积剖面的孢粉分析基础上,对牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景和红山文化晚期繁荣的原因及人地关系问题进行了分析探讨。     

高层建筑基础抗震选型评价指标与智能优选方法

文章规划了能全面表征高层建筑基础及其相关全系统、全性能、全寿命过程的各种影响因素、约束与要求等的基础抗震选型性能评价指标体系模型，为通过选型对基础的性能进行预测、评价、控制与优化等提供了依据。建立了带置信与变权因子的选型方法并给出了应用实例，该方法全面考虑了表征领域专家及决策者经验、知识、偏好及决策因素变化影响等方面的重要信息，使决策结果所包容的信息更丰富，完备和有效。给出了基于模糊评判、模糊辨识、模糊推理、BP神经网络、模糊神经网络技术的高层建筑基础智能优选算法和网络结构，为建立集成化、智能化、自动化的选型支持系统及提高基础选型质量与水平等奠定了基础。     

Analysis of broadband seismic noise at the German Regional Seismic Network and search for improved alternative station sites

The German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN) comprizes now 16 digital broadband stations equipped with Wieland-Streckeisen STS-2 seismometers, 24-bit dataloggers and a seismological data center at Erlangen. It covers the whole territory of Germany with station-spacings between 80 km to 240 km. The stations are sited in very different environments ranging from near shore at the Baltic Sea coast up to distances of about 700 km from the coast, both within cities and up to about 10 km away from any major settlement, industry or traffic roads. The underground varies from outcropping hard rocks in Hercynian mountain areas, sedimentary rocks in areas of Mesozoic platform cover to up to 1.5 km unconsolidated Quarternary and Tertiary subsoil. Accordingly, seismic background noise varies in a wide range between the upper and lower bounds of the new global noise model. The noise conditions at the GRSN have been investigated systematically by means of displacement power spectral analysis within the frequency range 10^-2 5 for RUE and > 10 for BSEG have been confirmed for frequencies between about 0.6 Hz 3 Hz. Strong lateral velocity and impedance contrasts between the outcropping Triassic/Permian sedimentary rocks and the surrounding unconsolidated Quarternary/Tertiary sediments are shown to be the main cause for the strong noise reduction and signal-to-noise ratio improvement at RUE and can account for about 50% of the noise reduction at BSEG.     

PM_(2.5)土地利用回归模型地理要素的选取

针对PM_(2.5)土地利用回归(Land Use Regression,简称LUR)模型地理要素选取不规范、代表性不明确的问题,本文从地理要素的精度、易获取程度、广泛应用程度及地理要素与PM_(2.5)的经验相关性4个评价指标出发,结合层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process简称AHP)和熵值法,对京津冀地区PM_(2.5)LUR模型构建时各备选地理要素的权重进行综合度量。结果显示,京津冀地区污染企业、交通网络、地表覆盖等优选地理要素的综合权重分别为20%、19%、18%,地理要素与PM_(2.5)的经验相关性和数据精度等优先评价指标的综合权重占××的比例分别次为49%、26%。该方法得出的评价结果符合客观实际,能达到科学选取地理要素的目的,对评估地理要素的代表性和分析LUR的异同性及地方主要污染要素具有重要的参考价值。     

Using multi-date satellite imagery to monitor invasive grass species distribution in post-wildfire landscapes: An iterative,adaptable approach that employs open-source data and software

Among the most pressing concerns of land managers in post-wildfire landscapes are the establishment and spread of invasive species. Land managers need accurate maps of invasive species cover for targeted management post-disturbance that are easily transferable across space and time. In this study, we sought to develop an iterative, replicable methodology based on limited invasive species occurrence data, freely available remotely sensed data, and open source software to predict the distribution of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) in a post-wildfire landscape. We developed four species distribution models using eight spectral indices derived from five months of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data in 2014. These months corresponded to both cheatgrass growing period and time of field data collection in the study area. The four models were improved using an iterative approach in which a threshold for cover was established, and all models had high sensitivity values when tested on an independent dataset. We also quantified the area at highest risk for invasion in future seasons given 2014 distribution, topographic covariates, and seed dispersal limitations. These models demonstrate the effectiveness of using derived multi-date spectral indices as proxies for species occurrence on the landscape, the importance of selecting thresholds for invasive species cover to evaluate ecological risk in species distribution models, and the applicability of Landsat 8 OLI and the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for targeted invasive species management.     

警力快速响应及其空间布局优化

警力的快速响应能够有效地打击和震慑违法犯罪行为,提升公民生活的安全感。随着我国城市规模的快速扩大,公安机构、移动警务室等警力资源的空间布局对于快速响应机制的影响也在日益增大。合理的空间布局,不仅可以保证警力资源的快速响应,还可以降低出警成本,优化警力资源配置。以由道路网和建成区组成的模拟城市作为数据源,借助相关GIS软件,依据最大覆盖模型初步确定公安机构的选址,结合中心地服务范围和空间位置评价指标,对公安机构的选址进行优化,同时在规定时间内无法达到的区域设置移动警务室,完成警力资源部署,确保警力空间布局最优,快速响应范围最大。     

SAR稀疏成像模型参数自适应选择

合成孔径雷达(SAR)稀疏成像模型中的参数选择对于SAR稀疏成像的性能有重要影响,也是当前SAR稀疏成像研究中的难点问题。已有参数选择方法普遍存在适用于个别模型或者运算量大的缺点。基于最大后验概率估计和贝叶斯推理,提出了一种无需额外先验信息的自适应参数选择方法,所有需要的参数都可从已知的数据中获取。通过推导得到模型参数与信号、噪声方差的关系,避免了对数据进行一系列的训练处理,因此极大地减小了计算量。仿真数据和实测数据处理表明,本文方法在实现了较为精确的参数优化选择的前提下,其计算量远低于贝叶斯信息论准则、L-曲线等已有参数选择方法。     

Indigenous knowledge for natural resource management: a comparative study of Māori in New Zealand and Dusun in Brunei Darussalam

Indigenous people often exclusively depend on the natural resources available within the ecosystems where they live, and commonly manage their resources sustainably. They have developed, and continue to develop indigenous knowledge systems which encompass sustainable management of natural resources. This study compares indigenous knowledge of natural resource management developed by two different communities in two different environments—Maori in the temperate environment in New Zealand and Dusun in the tropical environment in Brunei Darussalam, and comparatively evaluates the role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable resource management in three categories of knowledge such as spatial and seasonal distribution of natural resources, sustainable harvesting, and habitat management. The comparison reveals that despite the differences in environment and the great geographical distance between the two communities, there are remarkable similarities between the two knowledge systems in concepts, principles, strategies and technologies used in natural resource management.