The secular variation of inner zone high energy proton environment in the SAA

The main portion of the inner radiation belt en-countered by spacecraft in low-Earth orbits (LEOs) is concentrated over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) where satellites observed the highest particle flux. The anomaly arises from the Earth’s magnetic field being less intense in the region centered near the east of the Atlantic coast of South America. The trapped radiation belt particles therefore have their lowest mirroring altitudes over the center region of the SAA. Drift shells in t…     

多点地质统计学建模研究进展

从精细油藏描述中地质建模的意义和现状入手,介绍了多点地质统计学建模研究现状及其与传统地质建模方法的差 异。以辽河盆地西部凹陷某蒸汽驱试验区为例,分析了多点地质统计学建模中建模的基础、训练图像的建立、多点地质统计学 建模与传统地质建模相比所具有的优势等内容。指出多点地质统计学在井间预测方面具有明显优于其他传统建模方法的特 点。在文献调研基础上,结合自身工作实践,探讨了多点地质统计学建模目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向。指出未来多点 地质统计学建模的发展方向主要包括多信息综合地质成因分析基础上的训练图像获取、多点地质统计学算法进行改进和完善 和多点地质统计学建模方法应用领域的扩大等。     

高温铀物种形成(Speciation)的热力学数据

本文依据C.M.Criss和J.W.Cobble的“离子熵对应原理”,对1978年D.Langmuir给出的铀物种形成常温热力学数据进行了高温值的处理,得出了一套较全面而系统的高温热力学参数,以供参考使用。     

Study on electric variations of media in epicentral area by geomagnetic transfer functions

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｍｅｄｉａｉｎｅｐｉｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｒｅａｂｙｇｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｎｓｆｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓＸｉａｏ－ＰｉｎｇＺＥＮＧ；（曾小苹）Ｙｕｎ－ＦａｎｇＬＩＮＩ；（林云芳）Ｚｈｏｎｇ－ＪｉｅＺＨ...     

2015年济南地区雾霾天气过程大气物理量特征初步分析

文中对比分析了2015年29个雾、霾及雾霾混合天气过程中,章丘探空站L波段探空雷达和山东省气象局院内德国14通道地基微波辐射计观测的温度资料。对观测数据实施了质量控制,检验了精度和可信度,统计分析了宏观物理参量特征和日变化规律。针对雾、霾及雾霾天气过程各选取了一个个例进行分析,分析了大气中PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO含量的变化情况,分析了相对湿度、液态水路径和综合水汽含量等的变化情况。结果表明:两种观测数据一致性较好,拟合优度高于0.97;贴地逆温层存在一定的季节变化,悬垂逆温层存在一定的差异,逆温层的变化、污染参量变化与雾霾的形成有密切关系;不同天气背景对大气物理参量有较大的影响,PM₁₀、AQI（空气质量指数）和CO均在相同时间段出现峰值,有明显的起伏;CO峰值雾霾天气中尤为明显,由早到晚随时间峰值逐渐增大,雾天和霾天峰值较小,雾霾天气明显大于雾天或霾天。     

过去2000年典型暖期北半球温度变化特征及成因分析

过去2000年包含了罗马暖期（Roman Warm Period,简称RWP）、中世纪气候异常期（Medieval Climate Anomaly,简称MCA）和现代暖期（Present Warm Period,简称PWP）这3个典型暖期,前人对罗马暖期的关注相对较少。为了更好地对比自然暖期和叠加了人类活动的暖期的温度变化特征及成因,文章利用通用地球系统模式（Community Earth System Model,简称CESM）的过去2000年气候模拟试验资料,在与重建资料和同化资料（Last Millennium Reanalysis,简称LMR）进行对比验证的基础上,对这3个典型暖期北半球的温度变化特征和成因机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明：CESM的全强迫试验能很好地模拟出重建资料与LMR所反映的两个自然暖期（RWP和MCA）以及PWP,PWP相较于RWP和MCA北半球增温幅度明显更大。通过对比单因子敏感性试验结果发现,RWP时期主要受土地覆盖变化的影响,同时太阳活动、火山活动强迫对地表增温有一定调节作用;而MCA时期的火山活动频率相比RWP时期更小,且太阳活动稳定,此时土地覆盖的调节作用相比RWP时期减弱;PWP时期在温室气体强迫驱动下,地表温度增加显著,其贡献远超过火山活动、太阳活动两个外强迫因子,此时土地利用/覆盖强迫对增温显示出负向影响,同时北极涛动增强,进一步加剧PWP时期的增温。

     

疏勒河上游径流组分及其变化特征定量模拟

气候变化背景下,西北干旱区内陆河流域的水文过程发生显著变化,制约着地区经济社会和生态建设的稳定发展。定量分析和评估高寒山区径流的变化,有助于加强西北地区水资源的规划管理,实现水资源的可持续利用,保障区域水安全。选取位于青藏高原东北边缘、祁连山西段的疏勒河上游作为研究区,利用包含冰雪消融模块的寒区水文模型分布式SPHY模型（Spatial Processes inHydrology model）对流域的径流过程进行定量模拟,根据模拟结果分析了疏勒河上游近45 a径流组成及径流与各组分的变化特征。结果表明：（1）率定期日径流和月径流模拟的Nash效率系数分别为0.62和0.86,验证期达到0.79和0.95,模拟的月径流与实测月径流过程基本一致;（2）径流由四部分组成,冰川径流占总径流的年平均比例为30.5%,融雪径流的占比为12.9%,降雨径流的占比为13.5%,基流的占比为43.1%;（3）由于气温升高、降水增多,冰川径流与降雨径流均呈增加的趋势,平均增加幅度分别为4.66×10⁶ m³·a^-1和2.46×10⁶ m³·a^-1,融雪径流呈减少的趋势,平均减少幅度为1.01×10⁶ m³·a^-1;（4）近45 a年径流增加了69.6%,冰川融水对流域径流增加的贡献率达到48%,非冰川区降水增加的贡献率达到52%。     

Seasonal Changes in the Biochemical Composition of the Edible Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Echinodermata: Echinoidea in a Lagoonal Environment

Abstract. Monthly soluble and insoluble protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash levels and energetic content were measured in tissues of Paracentrotus lividus adults living in a lagoonal environment over a 1-year period to increase our understanding of resource allocation to the different tissues. The biochemical composition of P. lividus individuals in this environment is similar to that observed in other environments. The gonad and gut contained a high level of proteins soluble or insoluble, a lesser amount of lipids and, finally, a low level of carbohydrates. The main component of the test was ash, followed by protein levels. The lipid and carbohydrate levels in the test were very low. Seasonal variability in the biochemical composition of the different body parts was observed. In the gonad, an increase in the level of lipids was recorded concomitant to an increase in gonad weight. The lipids and carbohydrates, after an initial increase, decreased with the maturation of the gonad. The biochemical variations observed in the gut seem to be linked to both the reproductive cycle and the sea urchin's trophic activity. Variability in the test was low and irregular for all of the observed biochemical components. As P. lividus is an important member of the benthic community in the Urbinu lagoon, this echinoid represents an important store of materials and energy within this lagoonal environment.     

高真空击密法在软地基处理中的应用

姑合工程实践,介绍快速“高真空击密法”软地基处理方法的施工原理、施工工艺及质量控制等,并简单阐述“高真空击密法”在进行软地基处理中的优点。     

Isotopic and Elemental Variations of Carbon and Nitrogen in a Mangrove Estuary

Variations in elemental and isotopic ratios of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were investigated in the Guayas River Estuary Ecosystem (GREE) that empties into the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Detritus in the system was identified on the basis of extremely high carbon:chlorophyll aratios (>1000). This material had mean δ¹³C of −26·4±0·3, δ¹⁵N of +4·8±0·2, and (C:N)_atomicof 14·1±0·9. The isotopic data were comparable to measurements reported for fresh and degrading mangrove leaves, whereas the elemental ratio was comparatively enriched in nitrogen. Isotope measurements of SPM throughout the GREE were more similar to values for riverine material and detritus compared with that for the coastal end-member. Values indicative ofin situproduced algae, sewage and shrimp pond effluent were only found at selected sites. Bacterial bioassays, which were used to document potential sources of dissolved organic matter in the GREE, were isotopically similar to SPM. This correspondence coupled with the relatively low (C:N)_aof SPM could be explained by bacterial immobolization of nitrogen onto detritus. Finally, tidal variations of (C:N)_aand δ¹³C at a brackish mangrove site were similar in magnitude to spatial variations encountered throughout the GREE. Based on these results, the authors caution that care must be taken when samples are taken for food-web studies in these systems.