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941.
为了促进现代化的实现,作者试图找出中国与发达国家之间的经济差距,并选取了世界银行公布数据的三个指标,代入自己设计的简便公式,测得中国与韩国、希腊的经济差距为26年(以2000年基准)。于是作者将发达国家分为一般发达国家和高度发达国家,把发展中国家分为一般发展中国家和发展中的发达国家。作者预计2020年中国将达到发展中的发达国家水平。并预测中国将在2007年经济总量超英国;中国与英国的人均水平差距约为34年。中国与美国经济总量的差距约为35年,中美之间的人均水平差距约为44年,动态差距将在50年以上。结论,中国在2030年将可达到一般发达国家水平,即可实现现代化。 相似文献
942.
Water isotopic and hydrochemical evolution of a lake chain in the northern Great Plains and its paleoclimatic implications 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Oxygen isotopes and geochemistry from lake sediments are commonly used as proxies of past hydrologic and climatic conditions, but the importance of present-day hydrologic processes in controlling these proxies are sometimes not well established and understood. Here we use present-day hydrochemical data from 13 lakes in a hydrologically connected lake chain in the northern Great Plains (NGP) to investigate isotopic and solute evolution along a hydrologic gradient. The 18O and 2H of water from the chain of lakes, when plotted in 2H - 18O space, form a line with a slope of 5.9, indicating that these waters fall on an evaporation trend. However, 10 of the 13 lakes are isotopically similar (18O = –6 ± 1 VSMOW) and show no correlation with salinity (which ranges from 1 to 65). The lack of correlation implies that the isotopic composition of various source waters rather than in-lake evaporation is the main control of the 18O of the lakes. Groundwater, an important input in the water budget of this chain of lakes, has a lower 18O value (–16.7 in 1998) than that of mean annual precipitation (–11) owing to selective recharge from snow melt. For the lakes in this chain with salinity < 15, the water Mg/Ca ratios are strongly correlated with salinity, whereas Sr/Ca is not. The poor correlation between Sr/Ca and salinity results from uptake of Sr by endogenic aragonite. These new results indicate that 18O records may not be interpreted simply in term of climate in the NGP, and that local hydrology needs to be adequately investigated before a meaningful interpretation of sedimentary records can be reached. 相似文献
943.
944.
Groundwater flow and solute transport at the Mourquong saline-water disposal basin, Murray Basin, southeastern Australia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Craig T. Simmons Kumar A. Narayan Juliette A. Woods Andrew L. Herczeg 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(2):278-295
Saline groundwater and drainage effluent from irrigation are commonly stored in some 200 natural and artificial saline-water
disposal basins throughout the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. Their impact on underlying aquifers and the River Murray,
one of Australia's major water supplies, is of serious concern. In one such scheme, saline groundwater is pumped into Lake
Mourquong, a natural groundwater discharge complex. The disposal basin is hydrodynamically restricted by low-permeability
lacustrine clays, but there are vulnerable areas in the southeast where the clay is apparently missing. The extent of vertical
and lateral leakage of basin brines and the processes controlling their migration are examined using (1) analyses of chloride
and stable isotopes of water (2H/1H and 18O/16O) to infer mixing between regional groundwater and lake water, and (2) the variable-density groundwater flow and solute-transport
code SUTRA. Hydrochemical results indicate that evaporated disposal water has moved at least 100 m in an easterly direction
and that there is negligible movement of brines in a southerly direction towards the River Murray. The model is used to consider
various management scenarios. Salt-load movement to the River Murray was highest in a "worst-case" scenario with irrigation
employed between the basin and the River Murray. Present-day operating conditions lead to little, if any, direct movement
of brine from the basin into the river.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
945.
Main concepts of the "European approach" to karst-groundwater-vulnerability assessment and mapping 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
D. Daly A. Dassargues D. Drew S. Dunne N. Goldscheider S. Neale I. Popescu F. Zwahlen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(2):340-345
In order to achieve some consistency in the establishment of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability maps in Europe, a new approach
is proposed by Working Group 1 of the European COST Action 620 on "Vulnerability mapping for the protection of carbonate (karst)
aquifers". A general procedure is offered which provides consistency while allowing the required flexibility for application
to a continent and under conditions of varying geology, scale, information availability, time, and resources.
The proposed methodology is designed to be clearly more physically based than the existing vulnerability-mapping techniques.
It takes the specificity of the karstic environments into account without necessarily excluding the applicability to other
geological conditions. Combined "core factors" for overlying layers and for concentration of flow account for the relative
protection of groundwater from contamination while taking into account any bypass of the overlying layers.
A precipitation factor is distinguished for describing characteristics of the input of water to the system. Differentiation
is made between groundwater resource intrinsic vulnerability mapping and source intrinsic vulnerability mapping. For the latter,
a factor describing the karst network development is relevant. This short technical note describes a first step in the work
program of Working Group 1 of the COST Action 620. Future steps are now in progress to quantify the approach and to apply
it in various European pilot areas.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
946.
综合小波分析与分形方法进行弱磁异常识别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用小波分析塔式算法对单一分形模型数据进行处理,结合“随机共振”理论,对高精度弱磁异常中的噪声和误差进行有效的分析评价,依据趋势分析方法获得的剩余磁异常,提出“加窗移动”最小二乘方法对应用非整数阶微积分的布郎运动正态随机行走进行控制,为高精度弱磁异常的有效识别提供有益的指导。 相似文献
947.
"三联式"资源定量预测与评价--数字找矿理论与实践探讨 总被引:42,自引:4,他引:38
随着信息技术的发展,矿产勘查已步入数字化,定量化研究的新阶段。“三联式”成矿预测及资源评价途径正是“数字找矿”的创新探索。“三联式”成矿预测以地质异常分析为基础,以成矿多样性分析与矿床谱系研究为指导,将地质异常,成矿多样性及矿床谱系三方面定量化研究紧密结合形成矿产预测及定量评价的有机切入点,是实现全面数字找矿的必由之路,也是矿产勘查评价领域应用信息技术的基础和前提。 相似文献
948.
虚拟城市是 3维城市地理信息系统的前沿领域 ,该文对在微机上如何建立虚拟城市作了初步探讨 ,把建立虚拟城市的方法分为 3维真实场景建模、海量数据环境下的场景漫游以及确定任意时刻声音文件的调入时机三个部分。重点介绍了控制三维场景漫游、自适应层次细节模型、简单碰撞检测的实现方法 ,并提出了采用泰森模型调用声音文件的新思路。最后给出在VC 开发环境下用OpenGL建立虚拟城市的应用实例。 相似文献
949.
华北地区地震异常前兆信息场演化特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
在对地震异常前兆信息量先前研究的基础上,进一步给出了描述各种地震异常前兆信息量的普适性综合数学表达式.从大量震例资料入手,再次研究了地震异常延续有效性的问题,进而建立了地震异常持续有效时间与延续有效时间的数学关系式.收集整理了1980~1997年华北地区水化、形变、地磁、应力、水位、地电等371个观测项目、上百万个前兆观测数据,对每一观测项目逐一计算了它们的地震异常前兆信息量.研究了华北地区近20年的地震异常前兆信息场的演化特征及其与地震的关系,建立了华北地区Ms≥5地震的中短期综合预报指标体系,经R值评分检验,表明该地震综合预报指标体系在中短期地震预测中具有一定效果. 相似文献
950.
地面核磁共振技术勘查西北干旱浅层地下水效果浅析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
地面核磁共振技术勘查地下水是一种新的应用领域,该技术是目前国际上唯一的能直接进行地下水勘查的技术.我所自一九九九年引进法国Numis仪器以来,先后在陕西黄土区、宁南黄土区等地开展寻找不同类型浅层地下水的试验工作,取得了一定的野外成果.本文是在分析总结这些成果的基础上,针对存在的问题如强干扰背景下勘查结果的可靠性,同一测点"8”字型与"正方形”发射线框二者勘查结果比较等方面进行探讨分析. 相似文献