桂林岩溶试验场钻孔水化学暴雨动态和垂向变化解译

用多参数自动记录仪对桂林岩溶试验场的CF1钻孔(代表裂隙含水介质)和CF5钻孔(代表管道含水介质)水化学进行了暴雨动态和垂向变化的监测,通过数据的分析及对比,发现: 暴雨时至少有两个重要的作用在控制着水化学的动态变化,一是雨水的稀释作用,另一个是碳酸盐岩— 水— CO2 气相互作用。然而,这两个作用在管道含水介质和裂隙含水介质中的表现是不同的: 对于裂隙含水介质,碳酸盐岩— 水— CO2 气相互作用占主导,而对于管道含水介质,雨水的稀释作用则成为主控因素。因此,鉴于岩溶水化学是在碳酸盐岩- 水- CO2 气三相相互作用的开放系统中形成的,所以水化学的研究不能仅考虑水- 岩相互作用,而必须重视CO2 时空变化对水化学的控制,只有从三相系统全面考虑,才能正确把握岩溶水化学的时空演变规律。此外,试验场相距不到5m的CF1和CF5钻孔水化学时空变化的显著差异,进一步证明了岩溶含水介质的非均质性特征。      

Emplacement temperature determinations of proximal pyroclastic deposits on Santorini,Greece, and their implications

Received: 14 May 1998 / Accepted: 8 July 1999     

Correlation between seismic acceleration parameters and overall structural damage indices of buildings

This article describes the interdependency between several seismic acceleration parameters and the behavior of the reinforced concrete frame structures in the form of correlation coefficients. The structural behavior is expressed in form of overall structural damage indices. After the numerical evaluation of several seismic parameters, a nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out to provide the total damage status of a structure. The aim is to select those, which have drastic influence on structural damage. Furthermore, the design philosophy of aseismic codes can be verified. The attention is focussed on the earthquake acceleration time histories of the worldwide well-known sites with a strong seismic activity.     

APE理论与地电阻率前兆

介绍了含裂隙介质的ＡＰＥ理论（ａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃ ｐｏｒｏ－ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙ）。根据ＡＰＥ理论,对裂隙膨胀提出了新的看法,认为当岩石不产生大量破裂时,裂隙的扩张和闭合是互为依存、彼此平衡的。用笔者建立的裂隙方面性集中体积模型的各向异性电导率张量表达式,研究了应力场导致裂隙纵横比变化与地壳岩石电阻率变化的关系。结果表明,即使地壳岩石的平均体应变很小或不产生新的裂隙,也可以出现电阻率大的突变。     

太原盆地的地裂及其灾害

太原盆地的地裂于１９７６年出现,至今仍在活动。地震主要分布于盆地东部边界断裂附近下降盘一侧的榆次至祁县一带,地裂带断续延伸达５０ｋｍ,其次是分布于盆地西侧汾阳县杏花村一带山前断裂附近。地裂带空间位置和地震的运动受活动控制,而地下水的过量开采和强降雨过程又影响地裂发生的时间、地段和发育程度。太原盆地地裂的形成和发展是现今区域应力场作用下多种因素综合作用的结果。     

河北张北地震前后地电阻率异常分析

用多种方法对河北阳原台、山西大同台地电阻率叠加在年变化上的异常进行了对比分析。得出月速率法对这类异常的识别非常有效的结论。     

福建省地震局数字遥测地震台网电源系统与避雷系统

本文介绍福建省地震局数字遥测地震台网的电源系统和防雷系统的构成及特点。     

Origin of ground fissures in the Shanxi Graben System, Northern China

Since the 1950s, hundreds of ground fissures have occurred in the Shanxi Graben System in Northern China. The fissures and related subsidence and differential settlement have caused and are causing substantial damage to homes, agricultural land, roads, canals, and other infrastructure. Although generally similar in appearance, the fissures have different origins. (1) Some fissures coincide with northeast-trending faults. Trenching shows that the fissures extend into the near-surface faults, increasing vertical offset clay beds and other stratigraphic markers at depth, and therefore are probably the surface expression of fault movements. (2) Some fissures are demonstrably related to accelerated groundwater withdrawal. This is particularly apparent in Xi'an City where groundwater levels have declined by about 15 m within 4 years. (3) Other fissures owe their origin to the well-known process of ‘soil collapse’. This is particularly common in the silty loessial sediments that occur within most of the valleys that comprise the Shanxi Graben System.     

杭州湾——舟山渔场秋季浮游植物现存量和初级生产力

1995年 9月在杭州湾和长江口至舟山海区进行了浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的现场观测研究 .结果表明 ,表层水浮游植物平均细胞丰度为(2 2 6 8± 6 3 33)× 1 0 4个 /dm3;平均叶绿素a浓度为 2 80± 3 46 μg/dm3,小于 2 0μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对叶绿素a的贡献占 71 % ;平均初级生产力 (C)为6 92 5± 1 1 92 4mg/ (m2 ·d) ,小于 2 0 μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对总生产力的贡献占 6 8% .河口区悬浮物质浓度高 ,浮游植物光合作用受光的限制 ,各项生物参数与真光层深度紧密相关 .生物锋区位于真光层深度 1 0～ 2 0m、盐度 2 6～ 32的长江冲淡水稀释区 .同时探讨了浮游植物细胞活性 (R)与光合作用同化数 (AN)、叶绿素a与初级生产力、叶绿素a与海面光谱反射率的相互关系 ,为海洋水色遥感在初级生产力的应用研究提供科学依据     

Radium mass-balance in Jamaica Bay, NY: Evidence for a substantial flux of submarine groundwater

A mass balance for the naturally-occurring radium isotopes (²²⁴Ra, ²²³Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ²²⁶Ra) in Jamaica Bay, NY, was conducted by directly estimating the individual Ra contributions of wastewater discharge, diffusion from fine-grained subtidal sediments, water percolation through marshes, desorption from resuspended particles, and water exchange at the inlet. The mass balance revealed a major unknown source term accounting for 19–71% of the total Ra input, which could only be resolved by invoking a source from submarine groundwater. Shallow (< 2 m depth) groundwater from permeable sediments in Jamaica Bay was brackish and enriched in Ra relative to surface bay waters by over two orders of magnitude. To balance Ra fluxes, a submarine groundwater input of 0.8 × 10⁹–9.0 × 10⁹ L d^− 1 was required. This flux was similar for all four isotopes, with individual estimates varying by less than a factor of 2. Our calculated groundwater flux was 6- to 70-fold higher than the fresh groundwater discharge to the bay estimated by hydrological methods, but closely matched direct flow rates measured with seepage meters. This suggests that a substantial portion of the discharge consisted of recirculated seawater. The magnitude of submarine groundwater discharge varied seasonally, in the order: summer > autumn > spring. Chemical analyses suggest that the recirculated seawater component of submarine groundwater delivers as much dissolved nitrogen to the bay as the fresh groundwater flux.