谈徽派建筑的保护、利用与发展

徽派建筑的保护已经取得了很大成绩,但仍然存在一些问题。笔者认为,古建筑的保护和地区的经济、社会、文化与生活的发展必须要统筹考虑,可以将徽派建筑设计的理念、技术与现在提倡的绿色建筑设计方法进行对比研究,来考虑如何发展徽派建筑。     

绿山设计软件在三维地震勘探中的应用

绿山三维观测系统设计软件,可根据用户给定的地质目标、成像面积、覆盖次数、现有设备和工区实际情况,设计合理的观测系统和布设方案.此软件还能帮助野外技术人员根据野外实际情况现场指导生产,提高工作效率,减少施工成本,对工程质量进行实时监控.     

The Green Castle Sandstone Formation: A new name for the Cwmffrwd Formation (Old Red Sandstone) preoccupied by an Ordovician Member

The Geological Survey’s Framework Report on the Old Red Sandstone of the Anglo-Welsh region includes a proposal for a new formational name, the Cwmffrwd Formation, for the basal formation of the Daugleddau Group in Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.The name is preoccupied by the Early Ordovician Cwmffrwd Member of the Carmarthen Formation and a new name, the Green Castle Sandstone Formation is proposed for the Cwmffrwd Formation.     

乙醇对锯缘青蟹碱性磷酸酶活力与构象的影响

应用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究锯缘青蟹碱性磷酸乙醇微扰后的分子构象变化情况。乙醇对酶分子构象有显著的影响,酶的内源荧光强度随乙醇浓度增大而增加,荧光发射峰逐渐发生红移,说明酷氨酸、色氨酸残基的微环境发生明显的变化;紫外吸收光谱在278nm吸收峰随乙醇浓度增大而增强。这些结果表明,酶蛋白分子中的生色基因残 基的微环境发生变化;酶的剩余活力随着乙醇浓度增大而迅速下降,经乙醇失活的酶在正常的测活体系中监测酶活力,发现酶活力可以回升到92％以上,说明酶的乙醇失活是可逆的,可以通过稀释复活。测定乙醇对酶的抑制动力学,表明乙醇对青蟹碱性磷酸酶的抑制作用是反竞争性机制,其抑制常数Ki为11．8％。     

An Efficient Model for Transient Surface Waves in Both Finite and Infinite Water Depths

A numerical model is developed to simulate fully nonlinear extreme waves in finite and infinite water-depth wave tanks. A semi-mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation is adopted and a higher-order boundary element method in conjunction with an image Green function is used for the fluid domain. The boundary values on the free surface are updated at each time step by a fourth-order Runga-Kutta time-marching scheme at each time step. Input wave characteristics are specified at the upstream boundary by an appropr...     

利用背景噪声互相关方法研究唐山地区地震波速变化

本文使用唐山地区部分数字地震观测台网2013年1月~2015年12月的连续背景噪声记录, 采用波形互相关方法来监测研究区地下物性介质随时间的变化特征。 首先采用背景噪声互相关技术获取台站间的经验格林函数, 然后通过观测台站对之间参考经验格林函数和当天格林函数中直达的瑞利波走时偏移来计算台站对之间的瑞利波速时空变化。 结果显示, 在2013年1月至2015年12月期间, 大部分台站对的瑞利波速度未发生明显改变, 预示着唐山地区中上地壳的物性介质处于相对稳定阶段。 但是, 部分台站对之间的瑞利波速在2015年9月14日昌黎M_L4.7地震前出现上升变化, 而震后随着时间的流逝又慢慢恢复到背景值附近波动。 目前, 虽然难以确定瑞利波速的震前上升变化跟震源区的应力积累过程有直接关系, 但这种现象值得持续关注和深入研究。     

西北干旱区生态需水研究

西北干旱区是水资源稀缺和生态环境相对脆弱的区域。以人类需求为中心的传统水资源开发利用及评价忽视了水资源与生态环境系统之间的关系,引发了众多的生态环境问题。日益恶化的生态环境使得生态需水量受到广泛关注,生态需水量研究由此成为干旱区生态水文学研究新的增长点。文章在综述国内外生态需水研究现状及其面临挑战的基础上,分析西北干旱区水资源转化特点,结合Falkenmark 水资源分类,突出生态需水在水分流中的地位,提出保障生态需水的策略,即：①生态环境稳定性界定;②绿水的保护与高效利用; ③虚拟水战略,旨在为平衡人类需水与自然需水提供重要的理论基础。     

Response of vegetation restoration to climate change and human activities in Shaanxi-Gansu- Ningxia Region

The “Grain for Green Project” initiated by the governments since 1999 were the dominant contributors to the vegetation restoration in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China. Climate change and human activities are responsible for the improvement and degradation to a certain degree. In order to monitor the vegetation variations and clarify the causes of rehabilitation in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region, this paper, based on the MODIS-NDVI and climate data during the period of 2000-2009, analyzes the main characteristics, spatial-temporal distribution and reasons of vegetation restoration, using methods of linear regression, the Hurst Exponent, standard deviation and other methods. Results are shown as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2009, the NDVI of the study area was improved progressively, with a linear tendency being 0.032/10a, faster than the growth of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program (0.007/10a) from 1982 to 2006. (2) The vegetation restoration is characterized by two fast-growing periods, with an “S-shaped” increasing curve. (3) The largest proportion of the contribution to vegetation restoration was observed in the slightly improved area, followed by the moderate and the significantly improved area; the degraded area is distributed sporadically over southern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as well as eastern Dingbian of Shaanxi province, Huanxian and Zhengyuan of Gansu province. (4) Climate change and human activities are two driving forces in vegetation restoration; moreover anthropogenic factors such as “Grain for Green Project” were the main causes leading to an increasing trend of NDVI on local scale. However, its influencing mechanism remains to be further investigated. (5) The Hurst Exponent of NDVI time series shows that the vegetation restoration was sustainable. It is expected that improvement in vegetation cover will expand to the most parts of the region.     

海洋管藻目绿藻——刺松藻和假根羽藻PSI荧光特异性的研究

采用分离、原位扫描和光谱分析方法,将管藻目录藻刺松藻和假根羽藻的叶绿体、类囊体膜、PSI复合物及其亚复合物的结构及光谱性质与软丝藻和菠菜做了比较。结果表明,管藻止录藻缺少作为高等植物PSI表征的730nm长波荧光,这一特异现象主要与LHCI结构的差异有关。采用PAGE法分离出的4种PSI复合物的荧光主发射峰分别在698、690、685和677nm,在710－715nm处有一个随分子量减小和逐渐明显的肩峰。不同去污剂处理只影响PSI复合荧光峰的高低,而不影响其峰位。PAGE再分离得到的假根羽藻LHCI由24－27．5kDa的4种多肽构成,Chl-a/Chl-b=1.2,77K荧光发射峰在682nm;CCI只含有67和56kDa多肽,是叶绿体715nm荧光的发射部位。当有HLCI存在时,该荧光不明显。     

基于波场延拓的多次波压制技术及其改进

水层多次波是海上地震勘探过程中的一个重要干扰因素。为压制水层多次波,本文在倾斜模型条件下采用基本的正向延拓方法去除多次波,取得了较好的压制效果。在此基础上实现了弯曲水底情况下正、反向波场延拓方法压制多次波;经对比发现,反向延拓方法克服了复杂水下介质情况下对格林函数求取的干扰,消除多次波效果更好。