四川中坝气田雷口坡组成藏条件及油气主控因素

通过对四川盆地西北部中坝气田中三叠统雷口坡组气藏已发现油气与有利沉积相带、局部构造、等关系的分析,结合试采试油资料与储层厚度、物性与录井显示关系的统计分析,总结认为油气成藏发育了多套烃源岩,具有良好的储集条件和保存条件。通过对各个构造运动阶段雷口坡气藏被改造与再形成的分析,提出油气主控因素是后期构造运动的影响,主要经历了印支期、燕山期和喜山期构造运动的改造形成的古圈闭,油气藏受到破坏然后再形成的整个过程。该主识对中坝气田未来的勘探开发具有指导意义。     

蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带中段构造变形及动力学特征

蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带作为中亚造山带的重要组成部分,其构造变形和动力学特征一直是地质界关注的问题。沿着该构造带中段,对5个韧性变形点及1个脆性变形点进行详细解析,揭示了该构造带变形及动力学特征。B型褶皱、揉皱、A型褶皱、矿物拉伸线理、S-C组构都显示了该构造带明显的NW—SE剪切作用。剪切方向稳定而单一,未发现多方向变形叠加现象,可能指示了蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带的形成过程为一期主要的俯冲碰撞或多期同向的俯冲碰撞。对蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带形成时间和动力学背景进行了讨论,认为该构造带主要形成于中晚侏罗世—早白垩世东亚多向汇聚动力学背景之下。对构造带内地质点mg6脆性断层面上滑动矢量进行了统计和古应力场反演,得出两期古构造应力场,一期为NW—SE挤压,一期为近E—W挤压。NW—SE挤压应力场可能对应了中晚侏罗世—白垩纪古太平洋板块向西俯冲对中亚地区的远程影响;而近E—W向挤压可能反映了早新生代印度—欧亚板块碰撞对中亚地区的远程效应。     

万福矿井充水水源分析及矿井涌水量预计

通过对井田水文地质特征及矿井充水因素的分析,认为矿井的主要充水水源为3煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙含水层及三灰岩溶裂隙含水层。采用“大井法”对矿井涌水量进行了预算,确定矿井的正常涌水量为279 m3/h,预算结果为矿井的设计提供了科学依据。     

The mechanism of post-rift fault activities in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth basin

Post-rift fault activities were often observed in deepwater basins, which have great contributions to oil and gas migration and accumulation. The main causes for post-rift fault activities include tectonic events, mud or salt diapirs, and gravitational collapse. In the South China Sea continental margin, post-rift fault activities are widely distributed, especially in Baiyun sag, one of the largest deepwater sag with its main body located beneath present continental slope. During the post-rift stage, large population of faults kept active for a long time from 32 Ma (T70) till 5.5 Ma (T10). Seismic interpretation, fault analysis and analogue modeling experiments indicate that the post-rift fault activities in Baiyun sag between 32 Ma (T70) and 13.8 Ma (T30) was mainly controlled by gravity pointing to the Main Baiyun sag, which caused the faults extensive on the side facing Main Baiyun sag and the back side compressive. Around 32 Ma (T70), the breakup of the continental margin and the spreading of the South China Sea shed a combined effect of weak compression toward Baiyun sag. The gravity during post-rift stage might be caused by discrepant subsidence and sedimentation between strongly thinned sag center and wing areas. This is supported by positive relationship between sedimentation rate and fault growth index. After 13.8 Ma (T30), fault activity shows negative relationship with sedimentation rate. Compressive uplift and erosion in seismic profiles as well as negative tectonic subsiding rates suggest that the fault activity from 13.8 Ma (T30) to 5.5 Ma (T10) might be controlled by the subductive compression from the Philippine plate in the east.     

云南省江城地区盐盆地重力勘探与深部找钾启示

云南省江城勐野井钾盐矿是目前我国发现的唯一固体钾盐矿。该地区地质构造复杂,近几年通过野外地质、地球物理及钻井勘探 ,认为钾盐来自深部侏罗系,并沿断裂构造带挤压塑流到表层,可能在深部还存在大面积的“盐源”。为实现找矿突破,亟须了解控制盐矿形成的构造及围岩的三维结构特征。通过对江城地区高精度重力数据位场分离、边缘检测、3D物性反演的地球物理处理与解释,获得了勐野井地区江城湖盆的基底变化、断裂展布等地质信息,确定了研究区构造格架、地下密度体的三维分布与岩盐矿的关系,推断在勐野井矿区西北深部可能还有侏罗系盐岩甚至钾盐的存在,该地区将是未来找矿工作的重点。研究成果为江城地区下一步钾盐矿勘查提供了线索和依据。     

Characteristics of shallow geothermal fields in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the project titled “Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region”, the distribution characteristics and occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal fields in these cities were introduced in this paper. To this end, relevant data in Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi Cities through vertical thermometry was a focus, so as to analyze groundwater temperature and the distribution law of strata with constant temperature. Then through comprehensive comparisons and analysis of the relationship between groundwater temperature and climate, differences in this aspect of Nagqu City were taken as a typical case to clarify formation of geothermal field and corresponding influence on groundwater temperature, furthermore providing basic data for rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in Tibet Autonomous Region.     

Causes of geothermal fields and characteristics of ground temperature fields in China

There are many arguments on energy sources and main controlling factors of geothermal fields, so a systematic study on the distribution of ground temperature fields shall be necessary. In this paper the thermal conduction forward method of geothermal field is used to simulate cooling rate of abnormal heat sources and heat transfer of the paleo-uplift model. Combined with a large number of geothermal field exploration cases and oil exploration well temperature curves of domestic and foreign, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) According to the magmatic activity time, the magmatism activities are divided into two categories: Magma active areas (activity time < 500 000 years) and weak/magma inactive areas (activity time > 500 000 years). The latter has a fast cooling rate (the cooling time of the magma pocket buried around 10 km is less than 200 000 years) after it has intruded into the shallow layer and it has no direct contribution to modern geothermal fields; (2) China belongs to a weak/magma inactive area such as Tengchong region and Qinghai-Tibet region because the chronological data of these regions show that its magma activity time is more than 500 000 years; (3) The temperature of most geothermal fields can be obviously divided into three segments in the vertical direction: A high geothermal gradient segment (Segment H) at the surface, then a low geothermal gradient segment (Segment L) at a secondary depth, and finally a lower temperature segment (Segment D) at a deeper depth. The temperature isoline presents a mirror reflection relation on the temperature profile, indicating that geothermal field is dominated by heat conduction, rather than having an abnormally high temperature “heat source” to provide heat; (4) Near-surface (0-5 km) materials’ lateral heterogeneity caused by tectonic movement shall probably be the main controlling factor of ground temperature fields.     

赣南白面石铀矿田成因再认识

赣南白面石铀矿田经上世纪60~80年代勘查,发现和探明了白面石、龙坑、双坑、马荠塘4个铀矿床和黄泥湖铀矿点,成为中国重要的铀资源基地。该矿田产于EW向南岭铀成矿带东段的白面石沉积-火山盆地内。该盆地的基底为印支期白面石花岗岩体;盖层为中侏罗统菖蒲组。盖层的底部为第一层砂岩,其上由基性-酸性双峰式火山岩组合与5层碎屑岩夹层组成。铀矿主要赋存在盖层底部的第一层砂岩中,其次是产在第一层玄武岩与第一层砂岩的接触带,有少量产在基底花岗岩顶部的风化壳中。关于该铀矿田的成因,有砂岩型沉积说、同生沉积后生富集说、成岩成矿热液叠加说、岩浆热液说,等等。为了厘定矿床成因类型,以确立今后的找矿方向,笔者对该矿田的资料进行了重新整理,应用Minesight软件选择典型的白面石铀矿床建立了三维地质模型,并收集了最新的同位素定年和岩石地球化学分析资料。研究表明,白面石铀矿田存在2次成矿（160~156 Ma和99~86 Ma）,其主成矿作用与第一层玄武岩的覆盖,在空间上相伴（铀矿体主要赋存于第一层砂岩及其与玄武岩的接触带）、时间上相近（成矿时间为160~156 Ma,玄武岩成岩时间为173 Ma）、成生上相关（矿化具有明显的中-低温热液蚀变）,为火山热盖成因类型,后期又有大量脉体活动,在岩脉两侧的砂岩层内又有热液型铀矿化叠加,从而形成了火山热盖及热液叠加的复成因矿床。该矿田的成矿条件是：富铀的基底,砂岩的沉积,洼沟的地形,岩浆的热盖,脉岩的入侵。     

The critical scale of fluctuation for active lateral forces in spatially variable undrained clays

This study addresses the phenomenon of the critical scale of fluctuation (SOF) for active lateral force (P_a) in undrained clay when there is a spatial variability in the clay. The phenomenon is significant under shear strength (τ_f) random fields but is insignificant under unit weight (γ) random fields. It is found that the phenomenon of the critical SOF is connected to the nature of the spatial averaging, which is “line averaging” under τ_f random fields and is “area averaging” under γ random fields. The former averaging effect (line) is significantly weaker than the latter (area), so the tendency for the critical slip plane to seek for a favorable location is stronger for the τ_f random field than for the γ random field. Hence, the phenomenon of the critical SOF is more pronounced under τ_f random fields than under γ random fields. The underlying mechanisms for the phenomenon of the critical SOF will be explored in this paper.     

Slip line theory applied to a retaining wall–unsaturated soil interaction problem

An extension of slip line theory to unsaturated soils is presented and applied to the problem of a rigid retaining wall rotating about its toe into unsaturated soils. Suction is introduced using the effective stress concept. Soil–wall interface friction is defined carefully. The influence of suction on limiting passive earth pressures is analysed for two soils under steady state evaporation and infiltration. Suction increases the limiting passive stress at the soil–wall interface, with a dependence on the steady state flow type. The displacement of the retained soil is studied assuming the wall undergoes a rotation increment. The results show a clear difference in the displacement for evaporation and infiltration.