软土结构性破损的孔径分布试验研究

采用压汞法对天然结构性软土压缩过程孔隙大小分布的演化进行了试验研究，结果表明，当荷载超过结构屈服应力后，尺寸较大的团粒间孔隙首先发生破坏，随着荷载的增大，越来越小的孔隙受到影响，但团粒内孔隙在压缩过程中不发生变化；根据试验结果提出了孔隙结构破损势的概念，并用其表征孔隙分布随荷载变化的规律。     

湖北省南漳县红星磷矿磷块岩特征与物质组分研究

湖北省南漳县震旦系沉积型红星磷矿矿体P_2O_5平均含量23.91%,矿石自然类型主要为角砾状磷块岩,其次为白云质磷块岩、泥质纹层状和条带状致密块状磷块岩。工业类型主要为钙(镁)质和硅钙(镁)质磷矿,其次为硅质磷矿。矿石矿物为胶状磷灰石和微晶磷灰石,经x-射线衍射物相分析,其种属为含碳氟磷灰石。嵌布粒度以细-中粒为主。脉石矿物主要为白云石、伊利石、高岭石、铁质。经测定当磷块岩磨矿粒度小于0.1mm,其磷酸盐矿物单体解离率可达92.53％,这为确定合理的选矿流程具有实际意义。     

The Role of Organic Matter During Metal Enrichment in Permian Kupferschiefer of the Rudna Mine,Southwest Poland

The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kuperschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine,Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale.The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents.GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n -alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction.The enrichment of base metal is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons.     

Noble Gases in the Lunar Regolith

The most fundamental character of lunar soil is its high concentrations of solar-wind-implanted elements, and the concentrations and behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe, which provide unique and extensive information about a broad range of fundamental problems. In this paper, the authors studied the forming mechanism of lunar regolith, and proposed that most of the noble gases in lunar regolith come from the solar wind. Meteoroid bombardment controls the maturity of lunar soil, with the degree of maturation decreasing with grain size; the concentrations of the noble gases would be of slight variation with the depth of lunar soil but tend to decrease with grain size. In addition, the concentrations of noble gases in lunar soil also show a close relationship with its mineral and chemical compositions. The utilization prospects of the noble gas ^3He in lunar regolith will be further discussed.     

钾-氩和氩-氩定年样品的送样要求及预处理

介绍了K-Ar和Ar-Ar法定年样品的送样要求及实验室预处理程序，样品粒度以250～180μm为宜；用量则视样品的K含量和年龄情况而定，K含量越高、年龄越老，所需样品量越少，多数样品的用量在几十至几百毫克；对于年龄情况不清楚的样品，10～20g手标本或者1～2g合适粒度的样品可以保证用量。全岩样品常受蚀变和捕虏晶的影响，有效的预处理可以在很大程度上消除这些干扰因素。文章还介绍了用稀HNO3消除碳酸盐、1．7mol／L HF消除轻微蚀变的影响以及电磁选剔除捕虏晶的实验过程。     

依法行政做好防震减灾工作--纪念《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》实施5周年

从立法、法制宣传、建立健全规章制度和科学规范的管理程序、公正严格执法、执法监督和法制工作队伍建设等6个方面，论述了做好防震减灾依法行政工作的重要性，指出。只有依法行政，才能保障防震减灾工作的顺利发展。     

The development of Nemurella pictetii Klapálek (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) in two springstreams in central Europe

From April 1997 to June 1998 Nemurella pictetii populations were regularly sampled in two springstreams at 220 and 850 m a.s.l., respectively, in Hesse (Germany), at approximately 51°N. Random samples of larvae were taken at three week intervals during the vegetation period, and once a month during winter. Sex, instar, body length, head capsule width and wing pad length of all larvae were recorded. Temperatures were recorded every hour, temporal patterns of temperature agreed closely between sites. Mean winter lows were 3.9 °C at both sites, the mean summer high was 11.9 °C at the lower site, as opposed to 9.6 °C at the mountain site.At both sites, adult emergence started in May. At the mountain site, recruitment started in late July and continued into autumn. There was cohort splitting in the young generation. Some individuals grew rapidly until October–November, but last instar larvae first appeared in March the next year. 1600 degree-days above 0 °C were accumulated during complete development. At the lower site, recruitment began in early July, and cohort splitting also occurred. Fast growing summer recruits emerged as adults in late August, having accumulated only 700 degree-days (above 0 °C). Their offspring hatched in November-December and emerged the next spring, having accumulated also only 700 degree-days. However, only part of the population was bivoltine. Many of the summer recruits grew more slowly and accumulated close to 1900 degree days until they emerged the next spring, together with the offspring of their own fast-growing siblings. Dependence of growth rate on temperature could not be estimated and appears to vary with daylength. For example, 3–6 °C support growth and development provided daylength exceeds 10 hrs of light, or is rising.At both sites and in all cohorts individuals emerging earliest were larger than later emerging ones. The size decline is significantly correlated with number of days after the winter solstice. For the first time it is shown that the decline does not occur shortly before adult emergence but actually takes place several instars before the last. Size differences are then carried on, and amplified, during subsequent molts, until adulthood. The literature presently relates seasonal size declines of insects to high or rising temperatures experienced by larvae approaching adulthood. Our data show that, at least in Nemurella, this explanation fails. On average, females were distinctly larger than males. Differences in mean last instar size were noticed also between sites and years. They remain presently unexplained. The mean sex ratio in both populations was close to 1:1.     

A rooftop tuned mass damper frame

This article documents the analytical study and feasibility of placing a tuned mass damper in the form of a limber rooftop moment frame atop relatively stiff structures to reduce seismic acceleration response. Six existing structures were analytically studied using a suite of time history and response spectra records. The analyses indicate that adding mass in conjunction with a limber frame results in an increase in the fundamental period of each structure. The fundamental period increase generally results in a decrease in seismic acceleration response for the same time history and response spectra records. Owing to the limber nature of the rooftop frames, non‐linear analysis methods were required to evaluate the stability of the rooftop tuned mass damper frame. The results indicate the addition of a rooftop tuned mass damper frame reduces the seismic acceleration response for most cases although acceleration response can increase if the rooftop frame is not tuned to accommodate the specific structure's dynamic behaviour and localized soil conditions. Appropriate design of the rooftop tuned mass damper frame can result in decreased seismic acceleration response. This translates to safer structures if used as a retrofit measure or a more economical design if used for new construction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气的形成途径与运聚方式

柴达木盆地三湖(台吉乃尔湖、涩聂湖、达布逊湖)地区第四系生物气区是我国最大的生物气区。笔者系统采集了该气区21个天然气样品,测量了其组分和碳同位素组成,重点探讨了生物气形成途径和运聚方式。生物气δ~(13)C_1和δ~(13)C_(CO_2)均随深度增大而变重,显示了CO_2还原途径成气的特征。生物气δ~(13)C_1、δ~(13)C_(CO_2)和δD分布与CO_2还原方式形成的生物气的相应同位素值分布范围接近。在有关成因图解中这些数据主要位于CO_2还原途径成气范围内。生物气CO_2和CH_4之间的碳同位素分馏系数α_c>1.055,具有CO_2还原途径成气的特征。柴达木盆地第四纪干旱的古气候、较低的古温度、较高的沉积速率和水体中较高的硫酸盐含量使得甲烷菌的大量繁殖只能在较大的深度范围内才能实现,从而,有利于CO_2还原途径成气作用进行。涩北一号、涩北二号气田生物气δ~(13)C_1组成分布可能表明,生物气形成以后沿疏导层水平运移进入气藏,基本不存在垂向运移。该项研究对于进一步深入探讨生物气成因、形成条件,确定生物气模拟实验方式与条件,计算生物气资源量,建立成藏模式和选择天然气有利勘探区块均具有重要价值。     

对测绘个别名词术语英文对应词的商讨

提出了对测绘辞书中个别汉语名词术语所附英文词的修改意见或建议，与测绘界同行商讨。