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61.
62.
Christoph Förste Roland Schmidt Richard Stubenvoll Frank Flechtner Ulrich Meyer Rolf König Hans Neumayer Richard Biancale Jean-Michel Lemoine Sean Bruinsma Sylvain Loyer Franz Barthelmes Saskia Esselborn 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(6):331-346
The recent improvements in the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) tracking data processing at GeoForschungsZentrum
Potsdam (GFZ) and Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS) Toulouse, the availability of newer surface gravity data
sets in the Arctic, Antarctica and North-America, and the availability of a new mean sea surface height model from altimetry
processing at GFZ gave rise to the generation of two new global gravity field models. The first, EIGEN-GL04S1, a satellite-only
model complete to degree and order 150 in terms of spherical harmonics, was derived by combination of the latest GFZ Potsdam
GRACE-only (EIGEN-GRACE04S) and GRGS Toulouse GRACE/LAGEOS (EIGEN-GL04S) mean field solutions. The second, EIGEN-GL04S1 was
combined with surface gravity data from altimetry over the oceans and gravimetry over the continents to derive a new high-resolution
global gravity field model called EIGEN-GL04C. This model is complete to degree and order 360 and thus resolves geoid and
gravity anomalies at half- wavelengths of 55 km at the equator. A degree-dependent combination method has been applied in
order to preserve the high accuracy from the GRACE satellite data in the lower frequency band of the geopotential and to form
a smooth transition to the high-frequency information coming from the surface data. Compared to pre-CHAMP global high-resolution
models, the accuracy was improved at a spatial resolution of 200 km (half-wavelength) by one order of magnitude to 3 cm in
terms of geoid heights. The accuracy of this model (i.e. the commission error) at its full spatial resolution is estimated
to be 15 cm. The model shows a reduced artificial meridional striping and an increased correlation of EIGEN-GL04C-derived
geostrophic meridional currents with World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) data. These improvements have led to select EIGEN-GL04C
for JASON-1 satellite altimeter data reprocessing.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
63.
Yanming Feng 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(12):847-862
This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or
more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three
best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and
tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal
or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for
long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps.
Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements,
directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity
with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order
ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds
an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based
integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals
respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens
to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales
in the future. 相似文献
64.
65.
Low multipath antennas for GNSS-based attitude determination systems applied to high-altitude platforms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Luigi Boccia Pasquale Pace Giandomenico Amendola Giuseppe Di Massa 《GPS Solutions》2008,12(3):163-171
High-altitude platforms (HAPs) are a flexible and attractive technology for providing innovative wireless services. These
aerial platforms can be successfully employed for mobile or broadband communications and for disaster monitoring or response.
However, one of the open issues is whether HAP stations can provide reliable services without temporal outages owing to stratospheric
winds that can cause positional and attitude instabilities thus affecting the communication system operation. To counteract
this issue, one possible solution is to use reconfigurable antennas whose pointing direction can be adjusted depending on
the platform spatial orientation. However, this would require real-time three-axial attitude data. As a possible solution,
this paper will review the potential of GNSS-based attitude determination systems with reference to HAP stations. In particular,
it will be shown how the use of a particular class of low multipath and lightweight antennas can provide a high degree of
accuracy without altering the avionic ballast. 相似文献
66.
67.
汶川5月12日8.0级地震在构造上起因于印度板块与欧亚板块以每年约5 cm的速度聚敛,并因此而引起青藏高原的地壳物质向四川盆地及中国东南大陆运移.主震震源及余震活动集中于以龙门山为中轴的一条长约350 km、宽约100 km的地震活动带.震源深度一般分布丁地壳脆性-韧性转换边界以上约10~20 km区间的地壳震源层之中,属浅源构造地震.主要震源机制与龙门山构造运动方式密切相关,以其地壳厚度向西急剧加厚、重力梯度带、高波速比(Vp/Vs~2.2)等深部异常及逆冲断层兼具走滑性质的地质构造为特征.在震源辐射、路径传播和场地效应研究的基础上,分别计算并比较了岩石和土壤条件下的地震响应谱,特别强调了土壤条件下的场地放大效应;同时对与地震安全性有关的一些问题如地质灾害、地震频谱设计、地震早期预警系统及中、长期至短期地震预报等进行了探讨;特别提供了一个由加权平均计算、以岩石条件下震波衰减模式为基础的地震频谱设计参考实例.地震构造与动力学研究可融人工程地质与环境工程等学科发展.经历汶川地震考验的一些新近设计和建设的工程项目可为今后改进工程建筑规范与标准提供重要而有益的参考.地震预报是当今一大难题,但需探索研究,不可懈怠.地震减灾与预防足目前比较切合实际的安全举措. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
The planet Mars lacks, today, a planetary, dynamic magnetic field, but strong, intense, localized magnetic fields of lithospheric origin, one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial lithospheric field, are present. This lithospheric magnetic field is the result of magnetization processes in the presence of a magnetic dynamo and of demagnetization processes after the dynamo shutdown, such as impact or volcanoes. This crude scenario can be more accurately specified by interpreting global and local models of the current magnetic field of Mars. Some specific areas are studied, including the intensely magnetized Terra Sirenum, as well as the magnetic anomaly associated with Apollinaris Patera. Magnetic minerals could be of primary and/or secondary origin; this latter would imply an early hydration of a basaltic crust. A scenario, in which Mars experienced a major polar wander due to the Tharsis bulge, prior to the cessation of its dynamo, is proposed and discussed. 相似文献