Experimental abiotic alteration of igneous and manufactured glasses

Pits in ocean basalt glass are often attributed to the activity of microorganisms, however, neither the mechanism of formation of pits in glass nor the involvement of microorganisms have been confirmed by experimentation. Experimental abiotic corrosion of basalt glass with 1% hydrofluoric acid (HF), a proxy for more slowly acting organic acids, produces pits that are similar in size, shape, and distribution to pits found in basalt glass collected from the ocean floor and basalt glass incubated with microorganisms. This pit formation by HF etching was demonstrated by comparing secondary electron images taken before and after the acid treatment. The formation of pits by abiotic corrosion of basalt glass is an alternate hypothesis for the origin of these features, and the interpretation of these features as biomarkers may require a resolution of these alternative hypotheses.     

193nmLA-ICPMS对国际地质标准参考物质中42种主量和微量元素的分析

本文采用配备有 193nm Ar F准分子 (excimer)激光器的 Geo L as2 0 0 M剥蚀系统和 Elan6 10 0 DRC ICP- MS对 4个美国地质调查所 (USGS)玻璃标准参考物质以及 3个美国国家标准技术研究院 (NIST)人工合成硅酸盐玻璃标准参考物质中几乎覆盖整个质量数范围 (从 7L i到 2 38U)的 38个微量和 4个主量 (Na、Mg、Ti和 Mn)元素进行了分析。分析结果表明 ,无论是对 USGS还是 NIST玻璃 ,元素分析的相对标准偏差 RSDs和分析值与参考值之间的相对偏差 (RDs)一般优于 10 % ,RSD和RD较大的元素主要出现在含量很低或不均匀样品中。稀土元素的 RSD显示 ,除 AGV- 2 G可能存在不均匀现象外 ,其它所测样品在 6 0 μm尺度上 ,元素分布是均匀的。本研究证明 ,由于 ICP- MS具有 10 8cps(每秒计数 )的动态线性范围 ,本实验室的L A- ICPMS系统可定量分析含量在百分之几的主量元素及微量元素。分析精密度和准确度可与常规溶液雾化进样 ICP- MS方法相媲美     

Transport properties of low-sanidine single-crystals, glasses and melts at high temperature

Thermal diffusivity (D) was measured using laser-flash analysis from oriented single-crystal low-sanidine (K_0.92Na_0.08Al_0.99Fe³⁺ _0.005Si_2.95O₈), and three glasses near KAlSi₃O₈. Viscosity measurements of the three supercooled liquids, in the range 10^6.8 to 10^12.3 Pa s, confirm near-Arrhenian behavior, varying subtly with composition. For crystal and glass, D decreases with T, approaching a constant near 1,000 K: D _sat ∼ 0.65 ± 0.3 mm² s⁻¹ for bulk crystal and ∼0.53 ± 0.03 mm² s⁻¹ for the glass. A rapid decrease near 1,400 K is consistent with crossing the glass transition. Melt behavior is approximated by D = 0.475 ± 0.01 mm² s⁻¹. Thermal conductivity (k _lat) of glass, calculated using previous heat capacity (C _P) and new density data, increases with T because C _P strongly increases with T. For melt, k _lat reaches a plateau near 1.45 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and is always below k _lat of the crystal. Melting of potassium feldspars impedes heat transport, providing positive thermal feedback that may promote further melting in continental crust.     

玻璃幕墙防护侧击雷的施工方法

主要讲述了玻璃幕墙侧击雷防护施工方法、防雷措施及玻璃幕墙防雷接地的几种形式,是在玻璃幕墙防雷施工过程中的一些认识,供参考。     

Assessment of the geological and hydrogeological environment at a site of government-level conflict in Incheon, Korea

 The natural environment of an environmental conflict site in Incheon, Korea was assessed with a focus on the hydrogeological environment. Residents had made claims against a company because of health problems, including skin tumors. More specifically, the residents suspected that their drinking groundwater had been contaminated by glass fibers which had caused the health problems. Air, soil, and groundwater samples were analyzed to estimate whether environmental pollution could have caused the problems claimed by the residents. No specific evidence was found from this study to support the groundwater contamination by glass fibers, but groundwater contamination by leaked fuel oils was confirmed in the course of evaluating the glass fiber problem. Received: 16 May 1997 · Accepted: 18 August 1997     

玻璃钢夹砂管在顶管工程中的应用

近年来,玻璃钢夹砂管在（管工程中的到越来越广泛的应用,以广州市某污水工程顶管施工为例,介绍了玻璃钢夹砂管在流砂地层的应用,以及在顶管施工中所要注意的事项和应对措施,以供工程技术人员和同类工程参考。     

不锈钢内衬技术在江阴市供水管网改造中的应用

本文结合不锈钢内衬技术在江阴市玻璃钢供水管道改造中的应用,介绍了不锈钢内衬玻璃钢管施工工艺流程和施工技术措施,分析了不锈钢内衬施工效果和优势。展望了不锈钢内衬技术在城市供水管网改造中的应用前景。     

Use of principal component analysis for identification of Rockland and Trego Hot Springs tephras in the Hat Creek Graben,northeastern California,USA

Discontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct tephras. Binary plots and standard similarity coefficients of electron probe microanalysis data have been supplemented with principal component analysis to correlate the two tephra layers to known regional tephras. Using principal component analysis, we are furthermore able to bound our uncertainty in the correlation of the two tephra layers. After removal of outliers, within the 95% prediction interval, we can say that one tephra layer is likely the Rockland tephra, aged 565–610 ka, and the second layer is likely from Mt. Mazama, the Trego Hot Springs tephra, aged ~ 29 ka. In the case of the Rockland tephra, the new findings suggest that dispersal to the north was highly restricted. For Trego Hot Springs ash, the new findings extend the distribution to the southwest, with a rapid thinning in that direction. Coupled with considerations of regular tephra dispersal patterns, the results suggest that the primary dispersal direction for both tephras was to the south, and that occurrences in other directions are unlikely or otherwise anomalous.     

Characterization of tephras dispersed by the recent eruptions of volcanoes Calbuco (1961), Chaitén (2008) and Cordón Caulle Complex (1960 and 2011), in Northern Patagonia

Pyroclastic materials dispersed in recent volcanic eruptions in Northern Patagonia were analysed in order to characterize the volcanic provenance by the geochemical fingerprint. The volcanic products studied were dispersed by eruptions of volcanoes Calbuco in 1961, Chaitén in 2008, and Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (CCVC) in 1960 and 2011. The geochemical characterization was based on the determination of 35 major and trace elements by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, including geochemical tracer such as Rare Earth Elements (REE). The study of the pyroclastic products also included the morphological analysis by petrographic and scanning electron microscopy, and the mineralogical characterization by X-ray diffraction.Geochemical tracers determined in the glass fraction of the dispersed pyroclastic materials allowed a clear discrimination of the three volcanoes that gave origin to the tephras, the three of them with different evolution degree. Tephras from 1960 and 2011 CCVC eruptions showed the same geochemical signature. The geochemical parameters providing the differential characterization are the normalized REE and multi-element patterns, the Eu anomaly, the heavy to light and medium to light REE normalized ratios, and the Cs, Sc, Rb, Ta and Th concentrations. The bulk glassy fraction showed the same composition for each volcanic eruption in samples collected even in distant sites (from 100 to 220 km in Chaitén, 2008, and from 80 to 650 km in CCVC 2011), attesting to be the most reliable material for correlation purposes.According to the mineralogy, cristobalite was found in volcano Chaitén tephra as an indicator of such origin. Arsenic, an element of environmental interest, exhibited concentrations ranging from 6 to 16 μg g⁻¹, with the highest values corresponding to Puyehue–Cordón Caulle and Chaitén products.     

Li2S—B2O3体系玻璃的形成及其稳定性研究

本要用情性气体保护下的高温熔融反应及液氮淬冷技术制备了Li_2S-B_2O_3体系玻璃。采用XRD、ICP及化学滴定法分别确定了产物的形态和化学组成。利用DTA星热法测定了玻璃的转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tc及晶化峰值温度Tp，并根据Tg、Tc-Tg、Tp－Tg、（Tp－Tg）／Tg四种玻璃稳定性判据讨论了Li2S-B2O3玻璃的相对稳定性。实验表明，Li2S-B2O3体系能在Li2S的摩尔分数X≤0．45的浓度范围形成玻璃，且在x=0．25附近玻璃的稳定性最强。