b值在地震预测中的三类应用及其物理基础与须注意的问题

将b值在地震预测中的直接应用归为三类：1）根据b值的动态变化预测地震。2）根据G－R律求出各级地震平均复发周期或年均发生率，推测未来一定时段如50年或100年内发生各级地震的危险性。3）根据G－R直线在横轴的截距，预测强余震的震级。讨论了这三种用法的物理基础及现有工作中容易出现的问题。     

Recent Precipitation Trends in Hungary in the Context of Larger Scale Climatic Changes

The time series of monthly precipitation totals from 14 Hungarian observing stations (1901–1998) were analysed to reveal the long term changes in precipitation characteristics occurred in the 20th century. A particular attention was given to the changes in the recent decades and their links with the larger scale climatic and circulation changes over Europe and the Atlantic.The statistical significancesof systematic changes are controlled by linear trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test. The long term fluctuations are illustrated applying a 15-point Gaussian filter on the time series. The Standardised Precipitation Index is used to evaluate the changes in the drought event frequency. The relationships with larger scale changes are mostly discussed relying on contemporary papers, and the Grosswetterlagen Catalogue is used as well.The annual precipitation total decreased by 15–20% in Hungary during the 20th century. The decline is substantial in both halves of the century, but the precipitation sums in the transition seasons declined in the first 50 years, and the winter precipitation decreased in the latest decades. The precipitation total of the period November–February declined significantly in the last 50 years. In the same time the mean winter value of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) increased, the positions of the main pressure patterns over the Atlantic are shifted northeastward, and lot of other coherent changes detected in the winter climate of the European–Atlantic region. The mean summer precipitation total has hardly changed, but the frequency of summer drought events increased. There are some signs of a shift of the Hungarian summer climate towards a Mediterranean like climate.     

人地非线性相关作用的探讨

从自组织系统思想出发，提出了人地关系的基本特性，通过逻辑斯蒂听数学变换，分析了人地非线性相关作用的混沌特性，进而讨论了人地关系的分形性质。基于混 过程与分形结构的因果关系，指出：地球表层系统中的人文分形景观乃是人地非线性关系的混沌作用所致。     

巫山县污水处理厂高填方地基湿化变形试验研究

结合巫山县污水处理厂高填方工程，选取压实粘性土样，在室内进行了接近实际应力路径下的“单线法”湿化变形试验，研究了土样在不同的压实度、固结压力和湿化历史下的湿化机理、湿化前后的应力．应变关系及强度变化规律。取得的湿化变形试验成果表明，湿化使土样的变形模量和强度均有所降低；湿化变形不仅包括湿化体应变，而且包括湿化偏应变；随着压实度的增加，湿化变形减小。试验成果为巫山县污水处理厂高填方地基的填筑设计、控制湿化变形的措施和附加压密措施提供了依据。     

An attenuation relationship based on Turkish strong motion data and iso-acceleration map of Turkey

This paper presents an attenuation relationship of peak ground acceleration (PGA) derived from Turkish strong motion data for rock, soil and soft soil sites and an iso-acceleration map of Turkey based on this relationship. For the purpose, among all the three-component accessible records, 221 records from 122 earthquakes that occurred in Turkey between 1976 and November 2003 were selected. The database was compiled for earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M_w) and PGA values ranging between 4.1 and 7.5, and 20 and 806 gal, and distances to epicenter considered in the database were between 5 and 100 km. From the regression analysis of the data, an attenuation equation of PGA considering rock, soil and soft soil conditions was developed. The PGA values predicted from the equation suggested in this study and those both from a few domestic equations and some imported equations were compared. In addition, an iso-acceleration map of Turkey was constructed using the suggested attenuation equation and considering both known active faults and epicenter locations of the earthquakes that have occurred in Turkey.     

基于三角网的"种子法"多边形生成

将传统上广泛使用的“种子法”和“矢量求交法”的思想相结合 ,提出了一种基于约束Delaunay三角网结构的多边形生成算法。详细描述了该方法的基本思想 ,在实验基础上分析了算法的特点。     

沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型的证明及其应用——从土体本构关系

从土体本构关系出发,严格证明了在线性加载或近似线性加载情况下(这和岩土工程实际加载相类似),沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型,并由此建立了新的沉降-时间预测模型,工程应用证明了该模型的合理性。     

海洋技术标准涉及知识产权问题浅析

随着海洋科学技术的不断发展,海洋技术标准中涉及知识产权的问题日益突出.如何确定海洋技术标准与知识产权之间的关系,成为亟待研究解决的问题.文中阐述了标准与知识产权的特性,指出二者之间的冲突体现.并对国内外现状进行了研究与分析,在此基础上提出了确定海洋技术标准与知识产权关系的几点具体思考与建议,寻找海洋技术标准中涉及知识产权问题的解决途径,探索涉及知识产权的海洋技术标准管理模式.     

乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知及数理表达

乡村生产空间系统健康有序运行是实施乡村振兴、营建人与自然和谐共生的物质基础和载体,精准控制系统由低级有序向高级有序发展是关键。综合社会学、哲学、系统学和地理学等多学科理论,建构乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知概念模型,对其演化的逻辑起点(人地关系)、逻辑顺序(时间、空间和流三维分析)以及流驱动机理进行质性研究,探寻乡村生产空间系统演化的内在本质;借鉴耗散结构理论和熵变理论,构建乡村生产空间系统演化熵变模型并作出相关释义,为研究人地关系系统演化提供思路,以丰富和拓展乡村地理学的理论。     

青藏高原农区农户的家庭能源消费研究

农村能源转型是能源消费革命的重要组成部分。基于问卷调查和入户访谈,对青海省10个县(区)的318户农区家庭用能信息进行调查,辨识了青海省农区不同收入分层家庭的能源消费模式,并通过建立典型家庭能源流模型,总结了家庭能获取-消费-废弃过程的形态变化。结果显示:青海省农区家庭能源消费以煤炭、薪柴和秸秆为主,非商品能源消费占比为49.6%,清洁能源使用率低。煤炭消费在5类家庭中均占比最高,薪柴和秸秆消费在低收入家庭占比较高。高收入家庭能源消费类型更多,消费量也大,能源流动更复杂。最后,根据青海省的经济地理特征,提出相应政策建议。