火山岩天然气藏地质储量参数的确定方法

大庆油田东部深层某井区火山岩气藏岩性复杂、储层参数计算以及流体性质识别困难。根据岩性组合规律建立火山岩解释模型,对深层的火山岩测井资料进行处理与解释。联合使用成像测井分析结果、岩性分类和多井对比等方法,提高了测井解释精度和解释符合率。计算的孔隙度、饱和度和渗透率为提交天然气地质储量提供了基础参数。     

Mountain permafrost dynamics within a recently exposed glacier forefield inferred by a combined geomorphological,geophysical and photogrammetrical approach

Geomorphological observations, geoelectrical soundings and photogrammetric measurements of surface movement on the Muragl glacier forefield were used to obtain an integrative analysis of a highly complex glacial and periglacial landform consisting of a push moraine, creeping permafrost and permafrost‐free glacial till in close proximity. Electrical resistivity tomography is considered as an important multifunctional geophysical method for research in periglacial permafrost related environments. Joint application with measurements of surface displacements offers a promising tool for investigating periglacial landforms related to ice‐rich permafrost for a more comprehensive characterization of permafrost characteristics and geomorphological interpretation of periglacial morphodynamics. The patchy permafrost distribution pattern described in this paper is determined by several factors, including the sediment characteristics, the snow cover distribution and duration, the aspect and the former glacier distribution and thermal regime. Recent and modern permafrost dynamics within the glacier forefield comprise aggradation, degradation and permafrost creep. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

松辽盆地北部扶杨油层河道砂体的地震识别方法研究

应用地震技术预测和识别扶杨油层河道砂体是当前松辽盆地北部的油气勘探中最为急需的技术之一。本文以GTZ地区为例,探讨了扶杨油层河道砂体的成因特点,指出地震的低分辨率,河道砂体的薄互层、横向变化快、储层非均质性强等地质特点,是当前应用地震技术识别扶杨油层河道砂体的困难所在。文中介绍了当前技术条件下河道识别的两种方法:利用频谱成像技术和叠前方位各向异性技术进行河道识别的方法和思路。以扶余油层为目的层说明了应用上述两种方法识别河道砂体的良好效果,并和已知井资料进行对比,符合率可达80%。     

玄武岩内非均质性对地震资料的影响:印度德干圈闭的一个研究实例

Hydrocarbon exploration interests have renewed the need for developing new sub basalt imaging techniques. One of the most important problems encountered today is seismic imaging below basalt. In recent years, this problem appears to have been overcome partly by using long offset seismic data. However near offset data are yet to be fully utilised due to the complex waveform caused by the surface as well as internal heterogeneity of the basalts. The near normal incidence data, which influence the sub-basalt imaging, are highly useful to understand the internal structure within a basalt layer. The use of converted waves for such targets has been proposed as an alternative in a rather homogeneous basalt layer. With a few synthetic modelling exercises here we highlight the practical difficulties in dealing with more realistic and heterogeneous basalt flow. Full waveform seismograms are computed to understand the effects of intra-trappean sediments on the seismic data. A case study from the Deccan Traps of India is presented in this paper. First, we discuss the effects of intercalated sediments on the overall seismic image. Later, the sonic log data from the field are used to compute the full wave-field response using the reflectivity method and compared with the field data. The feasibility of using mode converted waves （P to S and vice-versa at the top and bottom basalt interfaces） for sub-basalt imaging in Kutch region is discussed through a series of velocity-depth profiles. By comparing with the field data we demonstrate that the effects of multiple thin layering within the basalt can strongly deteriorate the image we seek to interpret and exploit.     

Strombolian explosive styles and source conditions: insights from thermal (FLIR) video

Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) cameras offer a unique view of explosive volcanism by providing an image of calibrated temperatures. In this study, 344 eruptive events at Stromboli volcano, Italy, were imaged in 2001–2004 with a FLIR camera operating at up to 30 Hz. The FLIR was effective at revealing both ash plumes and coarse ballistic scoria, and a wide range of eruption styles was recorded. Eruptions at Stromboli can generally be classified into two groups: Type 1 eruptions, which are dominated by coarse ballistic particles, and Type 2 eruptions, which consist of an optically-thick, ash-rich plume, with (Type 2a) or without (Type 2b) large numbers of ballistic particles. Furthermore, Type 2a plumes exhibited gas thrust velocities (>15 m s⁻¹) while Type 2b plumes were limited to buoyant velocities (<15 m s⁻¹) above the crater rim. A given vent would normally maintain a particular gross eruption style (Type 1 vs. 2) for days to weeks, indicating stability of the uppermost conduit on these timescales. Velocities at the crater rim had a range of 3–101 m s⁻¹, with an overall mean value of 24 m s⁻¹. Mean crater rim velocities by eruption style were: Type 1 = 34 m s⁻¹, Type 2a = 31 m s⁻¹, Type 2b = 7 m s⁻¹. Eruption durations had a range of 6–41 s, with a mean of 15 s, similar among eruption styles. The ash in Type 2 eruptions originates from either backfilled material (crater wall slumping or ejecta rollback) or rheological changes in the uppermost magma column. Type 2a and 2b behaviors are shown to be a function of the overpressure of the bursting slug. In general, our imaging data support a broadening of the current paradigm for strombolian behavior, incorporating an uppermost conduit that can be more variable than is commonly considered.     

改进的拟合算法在海面辐射校正中的应用

应用机载成像光谱仪采集的海面红外波段遥感数据,分析了传感器对海面的观测角度、大气效应和地物的非朗伯特性理论。在此基础上,针对数据中存在的辐射量畸变,在沿扫描线方向上,认为传感器接收到的辐射强度并不严格满足余弦变化规律,并对视向角给出了一种改进的拟合算法。根据此算法,对数据进行了辐射校正处理并对结果进行了分析。在实际应用中,建立了相应校正模型及其软件模块,取得了良好的图像处理效果。     

新疆色尔特能地区视密度和视磁性的反演

将起伏地形上测量的重力异常和磁异常,延拓至平均水平面;对平面上的场进行不同深度层源的切割分离;再将各层的场向下延拓至相应的深度,并反演出该深度层的密度和磁化强度结构。以此得到的密度和磁化强度,反映该深度层密度和磁性的近似分布,称为视密度和视磁性反演。本方法反演速度很快,在主频1.73 GHz的微机上,完成71×81数据点反演的计算时间为10s。这里以新疆色尔特能地区的实例说明这种方法的反演效果。     

螺旋CT三维重建在腰椎创伤性骨折中的应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT三维成像在腰椎创伤性骨折诊断中的价值.方法:选取腰椎创伤性骨折患者76例,经CT轴位平扫(2DCT)后进行三维重建(3-DCT)即表面遮盖(SSD)及多平面重建(MPR),将其图像资料进行比较.结果:3-DCT能立体、直观显示腰椎创伤性骨折的部位、类型、三柱结构、椎管狭窄及脊髓受压等情况.结论:3-DCT作为2DCT的重要补充,对腰椎创伤性骨折临床治疗方案的选择及预后判断有指导意义;SSD及MPR既有良好形态学又有密度层次的图像,可协助三维显示椎间盘碎裂、突出和膨出的范围.     

台湾产绢云母取代传统材料对彩色喷墨用纸印刷适性的研究

采用绢云母逐步取代进口硅土，由五组涂料配方，从0％到20％比例进行，并使用这些涂料与原纸以涂布机完成新型数字影像输出用纸。最后由喷墨打印机输出，利用分光光谱仪进行色彩数据量测。     

喷墨印刷平面呈色模型的建立与检验

采用插值算法，提出了一种新的平面呈色模型建立方法，实现喷墨印刷中L^＋a^＋b^＋与cmy颜色空间之间的转换，并对转换精度进行了检验分析。本研究通过比较喷墨打印和胶印的平面呈色模型，为在各种印刷方式中建立平面模型提供了成功的范例和切实可行的方法。