哈密土墩矿区高光谱影像蚀变矿物识别初步研究

文章以哈密土墩矿区为例,利用航空高光谱HyMAP数据,从单矿物光谱与混合像元光谱之间的相似概率和模型化参数出发,发展了基于光谱混合组成的极大相关高光谱矿物识别方法,初步识别出该区与成矿关系密切的6种蚀变矿物及其空间分布趋势,并为野外地质工作与薄片鉴定所证实。该研究初步表明,高光谱遥感可为地质学中矿物的空间分布研究提供有用的新技术。     

椎管内肿瘤的高场MRI诊断

目的：观察市场ＭＲＩ地椎管内病变的诊断价值和影像特点。方法：回顾分析２５例椎客内肿瘤（髓内肿瘤７便,髓外人肿瘤１１例,硬膜外肿瘤７例）。结果：肿瘤最长径０．３￣１１ｃｍ,改天在颈胸段肿瘤（１７例）定位准确率为１００％,但马尾部肿瘤起地髓内外的判断有有一定的困难（７５％）,对椎管内肿瘤及明确病史转移瘤的定性确率达８４％。增强扫描有助于反映出椎管肿瘤特征及与周围结构关系。：结论：高场ＭＲ濉有更高的组织     

时间域电磁场偏移成像方法研究

采用 Gaver-Stehfest( G-S)方法模拟水平电偶极源在不同介质模型中地表面的负阶跃波电磁场响应 ,然后引入逆时序偏移的观点 ,把这些电磁场响应作为实际观测值 ,利用 Stratton-Chu积分公式将其向下偏移 ,对偏移后的电磁场值进行归一化处理并对场值求偏导数 ,重建地下拟地震深度剖面图 ,实现时间域电磁场的偏移成像。选用了均匀介质、含良导和高阻薄层水平均匀层状介质模型以及高阻柱体、断层等模型分别进行计算 ,成像的结果表明能够得到较高质量的地下地电构造图 ,从重建的深度剖面图中可以识别出地下反射界面的位置 ,该图比时间剖面直观。     

星载高光谱成像光谱仪的特性与应用

介绍了星载高光谱成像光谱仪的种类、技术参数和数据特点,指出了成像光谱数据处理软件包应具有的功能,概括了成像光谱仪数据的应用前景。     

多相管流电磁成像测井方法研究

基于油、气与水的导电特性和介电特性差异,提出一种多相管流成像测井方法,可测量并求出油井内多相流体流动的截面图像．通过分析油井内流体中电磁场的特性,提出新的成像测井方法,并用自行研制的环状阵列式测量探头进行实验,验证了方法的可行性．     

S255IR复合体的近红外偏振测量

介绍恒星形成区Ｓ２５５ ＩＲ 复合体的Ｈ 和Ｋｓ 波段成像偏振和对其中红外源ＩＲＳ１在１ ．２ － ４ ．２ μｍ 上的分光偏振测量．偏振图像揭示了Ｓ２５５ － ２ 核区的两类近红外辐射．以ＩＲＳ１ 双源为中心的一条亮云脊表现出高偏振,而周围延展云却基本上无偏振．偏振图样进一步显示出由ＩＲＳ１ａ 和１ｂ 分别照射的两块反射云．它们都呈双极结构,并且其轴向近于相互垂直．由ＩＲＳ１ｂ 照射的双极云位于方位角ＰＡ～６５°,与Ｈ２ 发射的双极喷流现象很好地符合．两个照射源都是深埋天体．ＩＲＳ１ｂ 和高密度拱星盘成协,其盘平面与双极云垂直．ＩＲＳ１ａ可能也与一未能分辨的盘结构成协,东西方向的盘同样与其成协反射云垂直．从ＩＲＳ１ 的分光偏振测量可辨认出３ μｍ 水冰吸收波段上的偏振超．在此吸收波段上还观测到了反转型的偏振角旋转     

Seismic imaging of lithospheric discontinuities and continental evolution

Discontinuities in physical properties within the continental lithosphere reflect a range of processes that have contributed to craton stabilization and evolution. A survey of recent seismological studies concerning lithospheric discontinuities is made in an attempt to document their essential characteristics. Results from long-period seismology are inconsistent with the presence of continuous, laterally invariant, isotropic boundaries within the upper mantle at the global scale. At regional scales, two well-defined interfaces termed H (60 km depth) and L (200 km depth) of continental affinity are identified, with the latter boundary generally exhibiting an anisotropic character. Long-range refraction profiles are frequently characterized by subcontinental mantle that exhibits a complex stratification within the top 200 km. The shallow layering of this package can behave as an imperfect waveguide giving rise to the so-called teleseismic Pn phase, while the L-discontinuity may define its lower base as the culmination of a low velocity zone. High-resolution, seismic reflection profiling provides sufficient detail in a number of cases to document the merging of mantle interfaces into lower continental crust below former collisional sutures and magmatic arcs, thus unambiguously identifying some lithospheric discontinuities with thrust faults and subducted oceanic lithosphere. Collectively, these and other seismic observations point to a continental lithosphere whose internal structure is dominated by a laterally variable, subhorizontal layering. This stratigraphy appears to be more pronounced at shallower lithospheric levels, includes dense, anisotropic layers of order 10 km in thickness, and exhibits horizontal correlation lengths comparable to the lateral dimensions of overlying crustal blocks. A model of craton evolution which relies on shallow subduction as a principal agent of craton stabilization is shown to be broadly compatible with these characteristics.     

Images of concentrations of dissolved sulphide in the sediment of a lake and implications for internal sulphur cycling

The high-resolution mapping of dissolved sulphide in modern sediment of a permanently stratified (meromictic) lake is possible using a novel sulphide imaging technique (called a 'sulphur print'). The technique is simple, easy to use and can map a relatively large area (up to several dm²). In situ sulphur prints from anoxic fine-grained sediments are able to reveal internal structures in apparently homogeneous materials. Sulphur prints have been used to examine the formation and distribution of dissolved sulphide in the sediment and water column of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (southern Switzerland). The prints show clearly that a previously unknown laminar convective flow of sulphide-free porewater occurs across the sediment–water interface. Such convective flow out of the sediment must be accompanied by convective flow of sulphide- and sulphate-rich lake water into the sediment, and may be an important mechanism for the accumulation of sulphur in the sediment.     

Factors controlling aggregate formation in the benthic boundary layer of the Mecklenburg Bight (western Baltic Sea)

Studies on aggregate formation and size distribution in relation to bottom water composition and flow regime were carried out in November 1994 at two transects in the inner and outer Mecklenburg Bight (Baltic Sea). The bottom water sampler ‘BIOPROBE' (BWS) was used to collect 10-dm³ water samples at 5, 10, 20 and 40 cm above the seabed. The outer transect samples tended to be more influenced by the open western Baltic Sea, whereas the inner transect samples were more affected by the coastal hydrography. Aggregate size distribution was investigated using a newly developed particle camera allowing identification of particles down to 150 μm size. Increasing concentrations of total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic carbon (POC) and chlorophyll pigment equivalents (CPE) towards the seafloor together with a low proportion of POC/TPM (<5%) implied that the material was of resuspended origin. Aggregate size in both transects was positively correlated with TPM, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and bacterial cell abundance. Higher particle concentrations and aggregate numbers in the outer transect indicated a higher resuspension frequency, or lateral advection processes. The higher concentration of aggregates at the outer transect may reflect the larger amount of near-bottom transported material.