地震层析成象技术在测井和地面反射资料集中的应用研究

本文以射线的折射和反射定律为基础,采用阻尼最小二乘法（在CT技术中,常称为SIRT算法）和单井单侧多偏移距的反射资料以及地面反射资料,研究反射波层析成象技术对二维弯曲界面的成层结构进行重构的情况。数字模拟试验表明,本文提出的逐层成象方法对透镜体和尖灭地层的成象颇为有效,反演结果对误差扰动是稳定的。 本文所述的成象方法及处理技术可推广到只用地面反射资料进行地层重构的情形。     

利用地震面波进行浅层地下介质三维层析成像

本文根据地震面波的频散特性和半波长理论,利用绝对相位展开技术,提出了一种对浅层地下介质进行三维层析成像的方法,并进行了相应的计算机模拟,效果良好。     

影像的数字畸变模型

阐述了建立各类成像系统通用数字畸变模型并提供对应内方位元素的原理与方法，并以鱼眼数字相机所摄影像的全处理过程为例，证实了本文方法的正确性。     

Integrated studies for characterization of lineaments used to locate groundwater potential zones in a hard rock region of Karnataka, India

An integrated study was carried out to investigate the subsurface geological conditions in a hard rock environment, with the aim of identifying zones with groundwater resource potential. The study, in Bairasagara watershed, Karnataka, India, considered geomorphology, water level, resistivity imaging, self potential, total magnetic field and susceptibility. The signatures due to lineaments have been clearly identified and their role in groundwater movement has been documented. Synthetic simulation methods were used to model the electrical response of the lineament using finite differential modeling scheme. The inverted image of the field data is compared with the synthetic image and iteration were performed on the initial model until a best match was obtained resulting on the generation of the calibrated resistivity image of the subsurface. Resistivity imaging revealed that the dykes are weathered/fractured to a depth of 6–8 m and are compact at deeper levels, and that they behave as barriers to groundwater movement, yet facilitate a good groundwater potential zone on the upgradient side. The results of magnetic surveys were utilized in differentiating granites and dolerite dykes with an insignificant resistivity contrast. Geomorphological expression alone cannot reveal the groundwater potential associated with a lineament. However, characterizing the nature of the feature at depth with integrated geophysical methods provides essential information for assessing that potential.The online version of the original article can be found at     

电磁波CT成像技术在防水工程场地勘查中的应用

电磁波CT成像技术是基于地下介质的物性差异，利用各种波源透视探测目的体及地质现象的一种地球物理方法，文章介绍了电磁波CT成像技术的原理和工作方法、某防水工程场地电磁波CT成像勘查实例及应用效果。     

成像光谱遥感技术及其在地质中的应用

成像光谱遥感技术作为20世纪80年代初发展起来的新型遥感技术,代表了遥感定量化的发展方向。概述了当前成像光谱遥感技术的发展和应用现状,探讨了成像光谱数据的特点及其处理技术方法,并介绍了其在地质领域的应用。     

Oblique photogrammetry with visible and thermal images of active lava flows

Digital images from hand-held cameras are increasingly being acquired for scientific purposes, particularly where non-contact measurement is required. However, they frequently consist of oblique views with significant camera-to-object depth variations and occlusions that complicate quantitative analyses. Here, we report the use of oblique photogrammetric techniques to determine ground-based thermal camera orientations (position and pointing direction), and to generate scene information for lava flows at Mount Etna, Sicily. Multiple images from a consumer grade digital SLR camera are used to construct a topographic model and reference associated ground-based thermal imagery. We present data collected during the 2004–2005 eruption and use the derived surface model to apply viewing distance corrections (to account for atmospheric attenuation) to the thermal images on a pixel-by-pixel basis. For viewing distances of ~100 to 400 m, the corrections result in systematic changes in emissive power of up to ±3% with respect to values calculated assuming a uniform average viewing distance across an image.     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional saltwater–freshwater fingering instabilities observed in a porous medium

We consider saltwater–freshwater fingering instabilities in a saturated porous medium. In the first part, we present three-dimensional results obtained from a laboratory experiment using non-invasive imaging. In the second part, we define a set of model problems in which the performed laboratory experiments can be ranged in. Due to its highly non-linear behavior and inevitable modeling errors, a detailed numerical reproduction of the physical concentration measurements cannot be expected. Nevertheless, four criteria have been identified, two quantitative and two qualitative, which facilitate a substantiated comparison of the physical experiment and the numerical simulation. With respect to these criteria a high degree of similarity could be observed. The use of these features allows a deeper understanding of the physical processes and the influence of the initial conditions.     

无人机载线阵摆扫CCD影像几何校正

充分利用无人机载GPS/INS组合导航系统提供的导航遥测数据,首先分析线阵CCD传感器摆扫成像的基础原理和成像特点,并建立严格的成像模型;然后提出线阵摆扫CCD影像严格几何校正的详细算法和流程;最后进行多组实验证实成像模型和几何校正算法的正确性和准确性。实验结果证实采用文中的成像模型和几何校正流程,可获得正确、高精度地理编码的线阵摆扫CCD正射影像。