钻孔成像中结构面自动判读技术研究

通过钻孔数字成像系统得到地质钻孔的孔壁数字图像并研判地下地质结构是一种重要的地质勘查手段。对钻孔成像中的结构面信息的判读通常是由人工完成的,不同的人判读结果可能存在差异。钻孔成像自动辨识结构面系统首先对图像进行RGB(red红,green绿,blue蓝)到HSV(hue色相,saturation饱和度,value明度)颜色空间的转换,使得结构面信息突出显示出来,以利于图像的结构面提取;再对转换后的S分量进行图像滤波及增强等预处理,然后对图像进行分割,对分割后的图像进行数学形态学中的二值图像边缘提取和细化处理,快速分离出结构面信息,对结构面边缘进行有效的提取;最后采用正弦曲线的Hough变换对图像边缘点进行识别,可得到钻孔结构面的产状和厚度参数。以实际钻孔数字图像为例,经过钻孔成像自动辨识结构面系统提取了其中的4个结构面的空间参数,与人工判读结果比较,自动辨识得到的参数更精确,结果具有唯一性。     

Fast imaging of subsurface conductors using very low‐frequency electromagnetic data

The study presents a fast imaging technique for the very low‐frequency data interpretation. First, an analytical expression was derived to compute the vertical component of the magnetic field at any point on the Earth's surface for a given current density distribution in a rectangular block on the subsurface. Current density is considered as exponentially decreasing with depth, according to the skin depth rule in a particular block. Subsequently, the vertical component of the magnetic field due to the entire subsurface was computed as the sum of the vertical component of the magnetic field due to an individual block. Since the vertical component of the magnetic field is proportional to the real part of very low‐frequency anomaly, an inversion program was developed for imaging of the subsurface conductors using the real very low‐frequency anomaly in terms of apparent current density distribution in the subsurface. Imaging results from the presented formulation were compared with other imaging techniques in terms of apparent current density and resistivity distribution using a standard numerical forward modelling and inversion technique. Efficacy of the developed approach was demonstrated for the interpretation of synthetic and field very low‐frequency data. The presented imaging technique shows improvement with respect to the filtering approaches in depicting subsurface conductors. Further, results obtained using the presented approach are closer to the results of rigorous resistivity inversion. Since the presented approach uses only the real anomaly, which is not sensitive to very small isolated near‐surface conducting features, it depicts prominent conducting features in the subsurface.     

Geoelectrical investigation of oil contaminated soils in former underground fuel base: Borne Sulinowo,NW Poland

The survey has been carried out in the area of 0.23 km² of the former military underground fuel base. The oil derivative products were observed in excavations and the laboratory tests confirmed the occurrence of hydrocarbons (>C12) in soils. The purpose of the survey was to determine the spatial extent of the contamination. The studied area is covered by postglacial sediments: sands, gravels and till. The first water table was observed at a depth of 10–12 m. The detailed electromagnetic measurements with Geonics EM31-MK2 conductivity meter were performed in the whole area of the former fuel base. Obtained results were elaborated statistically and the map of apparent electrical conductivity to a depth of 6 m was created. Many local low conductivity anomalies were observed. The measurements with Geonics EM34-3XL were performed along one A–A′ profile and 1D electromagnetic modelling along with this profile was calculated to obtain the electrical conductivity cross-section to a depth of 30 m. Two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging measurements were carried out along the same profile and the resistivity cross-section to a depth of 20 m was performed. Both conducivity and resistivity cross-sections show anomalous zones. The zones correlate with oil contaminated zones very well.     

New evidence of precision premium for Galilean satellites from CCD imaging

After a CCD image of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter is obtained by a long focal length telescope, we can compare the theoretical positions of these satellites with their pixel positions so as to obtain the calibration parameters of the CCD field of view. In theory, when two of the four satellites have small enough separation, their relative positional measurement will have a good accuracy since the error existing in the solved calibration parameters has a direct proportional effect on the separation of the two satellites. The 347 CCD images taken by 1-m long focal length telescope at Yunnan Observatory in 2002-2005 are used to perform the experimental test. After we improve the centroid algorithm for the satellites and our former halo-removal technique, the results show that the positional measurement of two small-separation satellites has an external precision as good as 0.01-0.03 arcsec. This precision has comparability as that from rarely occurring mutual events of the Galilean satellites. This experiment confirms the finding of the “precision premium” firstly presented by Pascu [1994. An appraisal of the USNO program of photographic astrometry of bright planetary satellites. In: Morrison, L.V., Gilmore, G.F., (Eds.), Galatic and Solar System Optical Astrometry, pp. 304-311] using photographic observations. We believe that this type of observations, besides mutual event observations, might also be used to improve our knowledge of the orbital motions of the Galilean satellites because of its much more opportunities.     

河道砂体宽/窄方位三维观测系统地震物理模型分析

The effect of the wide and narrow azimuth 3D observation systems on seismic imaging precision is becoming a hot area for studies of high precision 3D seismic acquisition methods in recent years. In this paper we utilize 3D physical seismic modeling experiments. A 3D channel sand body physical seismic model is constructed and two acquisition systems are designed with wide azimuth （16 lines） and narrow azimuth （8 lines） to model 3D seismic data acquisition and processing seismic work flows. From analysis of migrated time slice data with high quality and small size, we conclude that when the overlying layers are smooth and lateral velocities have little change, both wide and narrow azimuth observation systems in 3D acquisition can be used for obtaining high precision imaging and equivalent resolution of the channel sand body.     

瞬变电磁法在场地勘探中的研究及应用

本文利用等效代换的方法建立计算瞬变电磁响应的概念及方法,通过视电阻率的计算,进行实测剖面的二维电阻率成像,并利用该成像技术进行场地勘探,获得良好的效果。     

A Remote Sensing Model to Estimate Sunshine Duration in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

Sunshine duration (SD) is strongly correlated with solar radiation, and is most widely used to estimate the latter. This study builds a remote sensing model on a 100 m × 100 m spatial resolution to est...     

河源台地电专用电源和外线路故障查修方法

对C-ATS地电仪专用观测电源的原理和特点进行了简要介绍,并对其供电电源和外线路故障的查修方法作了较详细的阐述,列举故障实例,逐一说明检查维修过程.最后指出地电台站工作人员掌握一定的故障排查维护经验非常必要,对仪器的安全运行,及其产出数据的可靠性和连续性都有积极意义.     

支持向量机与微电阻率成像测井识别火山岩岩性

针对火山岩储层,从岩石化学成分分类和岩石结构分类两个角度出发,提出了一种利用测井资料识别火山岩岩性的方法.基于取芯薄片鉴定资料获得对应井段的常规测井数据,利用统计学习理论中的支持向量机方法对其处理,得到地质上按岩石化学成分分类的火山岩岩性类别.建立地层微电阻率成像测井图像与不同结构火山岩岩性之间的对应关系,归纳出典型的微电阻率图像模式,从而得到地质上按岩石结构分类的火山岩岩性类别,结合上述两者结论确定最终岩性,实现了运用支持向量机算法处理常规测井资料与微电阻率图像模式相结合的火山岩岩性测井识别新方法.     

电成像测井孔隙度分析技术及其在碳酸盐岩储层产能预测中的应用

深入研究了电成像测井的测量方式,提出一种基于电成像低频分量的电阻率刻度公式,结合Archie公式并引入常规测井数据及处理成果,严格推导出一种可将电成像测井数据直接标定为孔隙度的算法。此方法省略了先作电阻率刻度再应用Archie公式等中间步骤,处理过程得以简化,并可消除Archie公式中a、b、n、S_xo、R_mf等参数以及浅侧向测井R_LLS等因素对处理结果的影响,较大程度地实现了数据的自适应性处理。在此基础上,对孔隙度频谱进行多种统计分析,开展了类似核磁的区间孔隙度分析以及类似油藏描述中渗透率评价的孔隙度径向非均质性分析,将研究成果应用于碳酸盐岩储层产能预测中,引入“孔隙贡献因子”概念,并通过测井资料和试油资料建立了“孔隙度贡献因子”与储层产油强度的定量关系。