综合物探技术在两水滑坡勘察中的应用

滑坡是地质灾害中最常见的、分布范围最广,产生危害最严重的一种。结合工区地质情况和地球物理特征,本文选用了高密度电法、瑞雷波法以及地震映像法在滑坡区进行研究和应用。研究表明,相比常规的勘察手法,采用综合物探方法对滑坡进行勘察,实验表明:高密度电法对地下的电性分布有较好的的反映,但无法直接判断滑动面的几何形态;地震映像法能够较为直观的反映地下弹性界面的起伏情况,对不良地质现象反映明显;瑞雷波法对浅层有较高的分辨率,可以不受地层速度的干扰,能够较详细的探测滑坡体的内部情况。不仅解决了单一物探结果的多解性问题,提高了结果的准确性,而且工作效率高、相对成本较低。     

航空数字摄影测量传感器系统新进展

近些年来,随着数字成像技术的快速发展,大幅面框幅式数字航空成像系统和机载三线阵成像系统正得到迅速推广和应用,本文根据数字成像系统的新特点及国内外主要研究方向,参考第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会中关于该专题的49篇文章,对航空数字成像系统的数据处理与系统集成、Leica ADS40系统、VEXCEL/Microsoft UltraCamD/UltraCamX系统、Intergraph DMC系统、无人机（UAV）数字航空成像系统等研究方向进行了总结。     

综合物探方法在广西罗城县活动断裂鉴定中的应用

城市活动断层探测在城市发展建设过程中和保障人民生命财产安全方面起到重要作用.本文以鉴定罗城断裂和上天桥—寺门断裂活动性为目的,在地震地质调查确定其断裂的几何学、运动学和年代学的基础上,选择第四系覆盖断裂最有可能活动的地段,重点采用高密度电法和地震映像方法来探测断裂在隐伏地段的具体位置,通过排钻验证,以及揭露其断裂与第四...     

Pre-Impact Mid-IR and Optical Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Comet 9P/Tempel 1, the target of the Deep Impact mission, has been intensively observed for a long time period before the encounter. Pre-impact ground based monitoring of the comet was an important prerequisite for the success of the first space experiment in which a comet is treated by an artificial impact. It provided the background data needed to disentangle the features caused by the impact from variations caused by the natural activity of the comet. In this paper we present results from the ESO-monitoring of the comet, conducted in the thermal infrared and optical spectral ranges during several months before the Deep Impact encounter with the comet.     

应用于金属矿勘查中的地面地震层析成像技术

在金属矿地震勘探中,反射地震是一种最常用的一种方法技术,为更有效地探测与金属矿有关的局部不均匀体,我们利用了地面地震层析成像技术。这里结合模型实验和在金属矿勘查中的应用实例,论述了地面地震层析成像技术的有效性。     

Seismic Imaging from a TBM

Summary Seismic monitoring from the head of a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) enables improved assessment of the risks associated with the tunnel-boring process. The monitoring system provides a live image of ground conditions along the trajectory followed by the TBM and detects local heterogeneities such as boulders, foundations, and other obstacles that commonly pass undetected using local geotechnical techniques. From a seismic perspective, the underground setting of tunnelling projects places limitations on imaging capability. The principal limiting factor is the size of the area upon which transducers can be installed. This limitation requires adjustments to traditional seismic imaging techniques in which a large area is assumed to be available for attaching the transducers. Recently developed short imaging operators take this limitation into account and are used in the examples described herein. The unique conditions of tunnelling yield two advantages over traditional settings in terms of imaging: rotation of the cutter wheel and the lateral progression of the TBM. Rotation of the cutter wheel, upon which the transducers are installed, provides the opportunity to illuminate obstacles from different angles in different recordings. Spatial progression of the TBM enables improvement in the illumination of obstacles and the signal-to-noise ratio by combining recordings from different lateral positions. In this paper, these specific aspects of seismic imaging during tunnelling are discussed via models that represent different cases encountered in actual tunnelling projects. These case studies demonstrate the way in which image quality along the trajectory of the TBM is improved over that in traditional settings. In this way, the risks associated with the tunnelling process can be more accurately assured.     

Isotopic and Elemental Imaging of Geological Materials by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Laser ablation ICP-MS represents a promising new development for the acquisition of elemental and isotopic images from a variety of different materials. Compared to existing methods for imaging, it offers relatively rapid throughput, very wide dynamic range, a relatively clean mass spectrum, utility at a variety of scales (from μm to cm) and multi-element/isotopic capability. Although developing rapidly in the biological sciences, the method has not yet seen widespread application to geological materials. This contribution documents some preliminary experiments aimed at understanding the fundamental aspects of elemental and isotopic image acquisition using laser ablation ICP-MS. In particular, we note that ablation cell designs must be optimised to promote rapid system response, in contrast to the signal-smoothing that is often preferred for simple spot analyses. Furthermore, experimental parameters must be carefully evaluated on a system-by-system basis to avoid the blurring effects of re-sampling phenomena. With careful attention to these details, and development of appropriate data processing software, laser ablation ICP-MS imaging has much to offer workers in the Earth and environmental sciences.     

3-D electromagnetic imaging of a Palaeozoic plate-tectonic boundary segment in SW Iberian Variscides (S Alentejo, Portugal)

In SW Iberian Variscides, the boundary between the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) and the Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ) corresponds to a major tectonic suture that includes the Beja Acebuches Ophiolite Complex (BAOC) and the Pulo do Lobo Antiform Terrane (PLAT). Three sub-parallel and approximately equidistant MT profiles were performed, covering a critical area of this Palaeozoic plate-tectonic boundary in Portugal; the profiles, running roughly along an NE–SW direction, are sub-perpendicular to the main Variscan tectonic features. Results of the three-dimensional (3-D) modelling of MT data allow to generate, for the first time, a 3-D electromagnetic imaging of the OMZ–SPZ boundary, which reveals different conductive and resistive domains that display morphological variations in depth and are intersected by two major sub-vertical corridors; these corridors coincide roughly with the NE–SW, Messejana strike–slip fault zone and with the WNW–ESE, Ferreira–Ficalho thrust fault zone. The distribution of the shallow resistive domains is consistent with the lithological and structural features observed and mapped, integrating the expected electrical features produced by igneous intrusions and metamorphic sequences of variable nature and age. The development in depth of these resistive domains suggests that: (1) a significant vertical displacement along an early tectonic structure, subsequently re-taken by the Messejana fault-zone in Late-Variscan times, has to be considered to explain differences in deepness of the base of the Precambrian–Cambrian metamorphic pile; (2) hidden, syn- to late-collision igneous bodies intrude the meta-sedimentary sequences of PLAT; (3) the roots of BAOC are inferred from 12 km depth onwards, forming a moderate resistive band located between two middle-crust conductive layers extended to the north (in OMZ) and to the south (in SPZ). These conductive layers overlap the Iberian Reflective Body (evidenced by the available seismic reflection data) and are interpreted as part of an important middle-crust décollement developed immediately above or coinciding with the top of a graphite-bearing granulitic basement.     

二维圆周综合孔径阵列优化及其毫米波成像特性研究

运用模拟退火算法对由20-30根天线组成的二维圆周综合孔径阵列进行优化排列,得到优化排布结果。在此基础上依据综合孔径成像的基本原理,分析了毫米波的成像算法,在u-v域运用了栅格化处理（Gridding方法）和线性插值方法。运用该成像算法对已优化排布的阵列进行了仿真,并进一步讨论了天线数目、插值方法等因素对成像特性的影响。