刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）野生及两代选育群体间遗传变异的微卫星标记研究

应用微卫星DNA技术对野生刺参和两代选育刺参群体遗传多样性进行了研究。9对微卫星引物在三个刺参群体中共扩增获得43个等位基因,每个微卫星座位检测到的等位基因数为2—7个。三个群体的观测杂合度的平均值分别为0．6556、0．6704和0．6148,多态信息含量平均值分别为0．6654、0．5929和0．5275。结果表明...     

不同盐度梯度的桐花树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化

采用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了九江江口不同盐度梯度的桐花树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化，桐花树种群维持有较高的遗传变异性，观察杂合度为０．３００，期望杂合度为０．２１５。种群间遗分化系数较小为ＧＳＴ＝０．１０１，表明总的遗传变异中有１０．１％来自种群间。种群间遗传距离和遗传一致度均值分别为０．０４５和０．９５５，其中流畅，Ｎm=2．09。     

北部湾拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)群体遗传结构及其扩张分析

利用线粒体16SrRNA基因片段分析北部湾拟穴青蟹群体遗传结构及其扩张历史。结果表明,16SrRNA基因片段长度在521—523bp之间,6个拟穴青蟹群体具21种单倍型。群体总体水平的单倍型多样性(h)和核甘酸多样性(π)分别为0.6259和0.001851。群体间遗传距离与地理距离之间无相关性。群体间遗传分化系数(Gst)在0.02008—0.04362之间,基因流(Nm)值在5.48—12.20之间。AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传变异占0.1%,群体内遗传变异占99.9%。群体间固定指数(Fst)的绝对值在0.00026—0.02977之间,暗示群体间没有产生遗传分化。单倍型邻接树和单倍型中介网络图显示,单倍型没有按采样地形成谱系分支。中性检验和错配分析揭示,北部湾拟穴青蟹群体在历史上经历过群体扩张。群体扩张时间大致在更新世晚期的0.04698—0.01879MY前或0.04520—0.01808MY前。     

遗传算法优化的BP神经网络在地面温度多模式集成预报的应用研究

基于TIGGE资料集中的ECMWF、CMA和JMA的数值预报产品,利用加权集成、回归集成和消除偏差集成等线性集成方式与遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(GABP)集成,对我国大部开展地面2 m温度在24 h、48 h和72 h预报时效的多模式集成预报试验。通过对2013年1—6月的预报检验,结果表明:GABP集成预报效果有较大提升,均方误差明显小于各单一模式预报。GABP集成的误差分布在新疆和华北均方误差较大,但是在预报效果改进上GABP集成在西部地区相对单一模式的误差减小更加明显。在进行几种多模式集成方式时,GABP集成相比线性方法预报结果更加精准。对于天气过程个例的预报,GABP集成预报出预报量的变化趋势,预报效果优于单一模式和线性集成预报。无论是较长时间段还是短时间的天气过程,在改进预报效果上GABP集成都起到了最佳的作用。     

面波频散反演地球内部构造的遗传算法

介绍了一种新的算法——遗传算法的基本概念和特点,及其在地震面波反演地球内部构造中的应用,指出了使用遗传算法的注意事项．提出了通过对初步搜索结果参数分布直方图进行分析,从而修改和缩小进一步搜索的范围,逐步搜索以提高搜索效率的方法．并对３层含低速层的理论模型和青藏高原的实际频散资料进行遗传算法反演,获得了满意的结果．讨论了遗传算法在其他地震学问题中进一步应用的可能性．     

Evolutionary principles applied to mission planning problems

The space mission planning process is considered as a hybrid optimal control problem. Hybrid optimal control problems are problems that include categorical variables in the problem formulation. For example, an interplanetary trajectory may consist of a sequence of low thrust arcs, impulses and planetary flybys. However, for each choice of the structure of the mission, for example, for a particular choice of the number of planetary flybys to be used, there is a corresponding optimal trajectory. It is not a priori clear which structure will yield the most efficient mission. In this work we present a mathematical framework for describing such problems and solution methods for the hybrid optimal control problem based on evolutionary principles that have the potential for being a robust solver of such problems. As an example, the methods are used to find the optimal choice of three asteroids to visit in sequence, out of a set of eight candidate asteroids, in order to minimize the fuel required.     

基于智能遗传算法和Otsu法的多目标图像分割方法

为了克服传统遗传算法在优化多目标图像分割参数时易陷入局部收敛和搜索效率低的缺陷,本文提出一种基于智能遗传算法和Otsu法的多目标图像分割方法,并将它应用于航空影像的分割。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法比传统遗传算法可以更加快速、更稳定地获取图像分割的最优阈值。     

Tandem repeat arrays in the mitochondrial genome as a tool for detecting genetic differences among the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii

We found that tandem repeat (TR) arrays were present in the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii mitochondrial genome, and we demonstrated the efficiency of using this TR region as a tool for the detection of genetic differentiation. In samples collected from seven populations off the Japanese, Chinese, Russian and Korean coasts, five TR types with length ranging from 481 to 601 bp (base pairs) were found, as were 18 haplotypes (n = 155). All the Japanese samples from SD, IK, AM and KG, which represented four geographically distinct populations, had the same type of tandem repeat array, 481‐TR. All the samples from China and all but one sample from Russia had the same TR type, 511‐TR; these finding may be strong evidence that the ark shell populations in China and Russia are very similar. Based on a neighbor‐joining dendrogram of haplotypes, the Korean population was divided into two groups as follows: samples with haplotype H481‐3 and samples with haplotypes H601‐1, H601‐2, H601‐3 or H541‐1. Based on the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity, the Chinese, Russian and Korean populations showed a higher diversity than Japanese populations (P < 0.05).     

准噶尔盆地西缘二叠-三叠系扇控成岩储集相成因机理

对准噶尔盆地西缘前陆冲断背景下形成的扇控沉积储层特征的研究,发现沉积、构造、流体和热演化4种机制是主要的成岩成孔作用,各自的成因机理不同,据此提出了4种成岩储集相成因机制和相应的发育模式。指出二叠-三叠系储层孔隙空间主要以溶孔为主,发育粘土收缩孔缝、粒内缝、颗粒溶蚀、沸石溶蚀、构造缝及气孔等多种成岩储集相。不同成岩成孔机制相互配合是形成该区有利成岩储集相的条件,预测断裂发育区油气勘探有利埋深度可达7000m,非断裂发育区油气勘探有利埋藏深度可达4500m,改变了原来对该地区有效储集层埋藏下限深度为3500m的观点。这对我国类似地区的有利成岩储集相预测具有理论参考价值,对油气勘探具有指导作用。     

汉诺坝捕虏体辉石岩和麻粒岩的成因探讨

汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中含有丰富的地幔和地壳岩石捕虏体,其中捕虏体辉石岩和庥粒岩由于外观上具有一定的相似性,两者容易混淆,导致研究上的误区.本文以辉石岩和麻粒岩捕虏体作为研究对象,通过岩相学观察结合矿物主量元素分析、单斜辉石微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素分析,对两种捕虏体进行深入的研究和对比以探讨其成因意义.结果表明,上述各方面二者都存在明显的差别,捕虏体麻粒岩具有层状堆晶构造,两种辉石矿物(次透辉石和古铜辉石)相对贫MgO富FeO,单斜辉石的REE相对富集,以高87Sr/86 Sr低143Nd/144Nd为特征;而捕虏体辉石岩一般呈块状构造,两种辉石矿物(透辉石和古铜辉石-顽火辉石)相对富MgO贫FeO,单斜辉石REE总量极低呈亏损模式,同位素组成上介于捕虏体橄榄岩和麻粒岩之间.捕虏体麻粒岩特征表明它是幔源岩浆底侵作用形成,岩浆受到了下地壳的混染;而捕虏体辉石岩明显不同于橄榄岩和麻粒岩的成因,来自于富集地幔.