基于广义高斯模型的SAR幅度图像震害检测

本文以2008年5月12日汶川地震前后的星载ALOS 合成孔径雷达图像作为数据源, 利用广义高斯分布模型作为差异图像中变化类和未变化类的分布模型, 在假设变化和未变化像元服从广义高斯分布的条件下, 估计变化和未变化像元的概率密度参数, 采用KI算法计算最佳分割阈值并提取变化区域。 以都江堰地区为例, 自动检测这次地震导致的地表变化, 快速圈定一些变化差异较大的区域。 研究表明, 该变化检测算法能较准确地描述差异影像的分布, 能够在地震灾害提取中发挥作用。     

Predictive vegetation mapping approach based on spectral data, DEM and generalized additive models

This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables, as well as spectral variables. Based on the fitted GAMs model, probability map of species occurrence was generated and then vegetation type of each grid was defined according to the probability of species occurrence. Deviance analysis was employed to test the goodness of curve fitting and drop contribution calculation was used to evaluate the contribution of each predictor in the fitted GAMs models. Area under curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the results maps of probability. The results showed that: 1) AUC values of the fitted GAMs models are very high which proves that integrating spectral data and environmental variables based on the GAMs is a feasible way to map the vegetation. 2) Prediction accuracy varies with plant community, and community with dense cover is better predicted than sparse plant community. 3) Both spectral variables and environmental variables play an important role in mapping the vegetation. However, the contribution of the same predictor in the GAMs models for different plant communities is different. 4) Insufficient resolution of spectral data, environmental data and confounding effects of land use and other variables which are not closely related to the environmental conditions are the major causes of imprecision.     

基于照明补偿的单程波最小二乘偏移

最小二乘偏移是一种基于反射地震数据与地下反射率间线性关系而建立起来的地震数据线性反演方法,相比常规偏移成像具有更好的保幅性能.本文提出了一种基于照明补偿的单程波最小二乘偏移方法,首先利用单程波方程的稳定Born近似广义屏波场传播算子构建反射地震数据与地下反射率间的线性算子,然后再应用线性最优化方法求解最小二乘偏移所对应的线性反问题.在迭代求解最优化问题的过程中,以地震波场的地下照明强度作为迭代反演的预条件算子加快迭代的收敛速度.单程波传播过程中考虑了速度分界面产生的透射效应,并用单极震源代替常规偏移中的偶极震源.把本文提出的方法应用于层状理论模型和Marmosi模型地震数据的数值试验中均取得了理想的结果.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE WINTER EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CLIMATE WARMING IN SOUTHERN CHINA

Based on daily precipitation and monthly temperature data in southern China, the winter extreme precipitation changes in southern China have been investigated by using the Mann-Kendall test and the return values of Generalized Pareto Distribution. The results show that a winter climate catastrophe in southern China occurred around 1991, and the intensity of winter extreme precipitation was strengthened after climate warming. The anomalous circulation characteristics before and after the climate warming was further analyzed by using the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data. It is found that the tropical winter monsoon over East Asia is negatively correlated with the precipitation in southeastern China. After climate warming the meridionality of the circulations in middle and high latitudes increases, which is favorable for the southward movement of the cold air from the north. In addition, the increase of the temperature over southern China may lead to the decrease of the differential heating between the continent and the ocean. Consequently, the tropical winter monsoon over East Asia is weakened, which is favorable for the transport of the warm and humid air to southeastern China and the formation of the anomalous convergence of the moisture flux, resulting in large precipitation over southeastern China. As a result, the interaction between the anomalous circulations in the middle and high latitudes and lower latitudes after the climate warming plays a major role in the increase of the winter precipitation intensity over southeastern China.     

基于钻井数据的地质体3维可视化研究

地质体3维可视化是地质工程中急需解决的一个热点问题,利用可视化的结果,可以将地质体的结构特征直观形象地展现在用户面前,使之可以非常直观地、清楚地对地质体进行各种观察和分析。笔者在综合考虑各种建模方法的基础之上,结合本文的建模数据——钻井数据的特点,采用广义三棱柱（Generalizedtri-prism,简称GTP）作为建模的体元对地质体进行3维建模,并对传统的基于钻井数据的3维地质建模的方法做了一些改进,使GTP可以自动地、快速地剖分成四面体,以此来解决由于GTP的侧而不是平面所带来的问题。最后,利用VTK（VisuaIizationToolkit,简称VTK）可视化技术,开发了一个3维地质可视化系统,并利用该系统对本文建模方法的实际建模效果进行了展示和验证。     

The Interference of Higher-Order Statistics of the Concentration Field Produced by Two Point Sources According to a Generalized Fluctuating Plume Model

The higher-order correlation functions for the concentrationfluctuations arising from a two-point-source configuration have beencalculated analytically within the context of the phenomenology of afluctuating plume model (viz., a meandering plume model that explicitlyincorporates internal fluctuations). Explicit expressions for thesecond-, third-, and fourth-order correlationfunctions between the concentrationfluctuations produced by two point sources are given in terms of the sourceseparation d and the five physically based parameters that define thegeneralized fluctuating plume model: namely, the absolute plume dispersion,_a, which determines the outer plume length scale; the relative plume dispersion, _r, which determines the inner plume length scale; the fluctuation intensity, i_r, in relative coordinates, which determines the internal concentration fluctuation level; the correlation coefficient, r,between the positions of the centroids of the two interfering plumes; and,the correlation coefficient, r^*, between the concentration fluctuationsof the two plumes in relative coordinates, which determines the degree ofinternal mixing of the two scalars. Furthermore, the form of the totalconcentration probability density function arising from the interferenceproduced by two point sources is presented. Predictions for the second-ordercorrelation function, , and for the total concentration probabilitydensity function have been compared with some new experimental data fora two-point-source configuration in grid turbulence generated in awater-channel simulation. These results are in good agreement with the dataand suggest that the analytical model for the second-order correlationfunction and the total concentration probability density function canreproduce many qualitative trends in the interaction of plumes from twosources.     

非线性正压亚临界不稳定

文中提出了一个新的广义能量作为 L yapunov函数 ,导出了包含两个联立不等式的一种新的非线性正压稳定性判据。并指出其中一个不等式是初始扰动振幅小于某一临界值 ,另一个则是摩擦系数大于另一临界值 ,前者对后者有很强的约束。该判据表明 ,在实际大气中对于有限振幅扰动容易产生正压亚临界不稳定 ,它大大地改进了以前的结果     

地震记录的广义分维及其应用

根据分形理论,对不同信噪比地震记录的分维特征进行了分析,指出地震记录中噪声背景与信号部分具有不同的分维尺度,地震道时间序列的分维数值与计算时所用的测量尺度有关,因此,可利用广义分维的概念计算地震记录的分数维.地震记录广义分维大大提高了分形算法在计算机自动识别地震波震相时的抗噪声能力.最后用本文方法对实际地震记录进行了有效的初至波自动拾取.     

两层正压涡旋稳定性问题分析

本文从柱坐标中线性化的两层均质流体的正压原始方程组出发，从广义能量的角度，研究了该模型中涡旋波的稳定性问题，发现此时不仅可存在广义正压不稳定和超高速不稳定，当上下层扰动厚度场反相时还有新的不稳定类型发生。     

次天气尺度系统中的非地转运动和广义平衡模式

研究了宏观准静力的次天气尺度系统中非地转运动的机理。较以往更具体地揭露了在全运动的时间尺度远大于惯性重力波的前提下，各类强迫因子与非地转运动的旋转分量及辐散分量的关系。并证明上述“慢变化”前提在各种常见情况甚至包括几类熟见的强系统情况下都能满足。除了众所周知，强的准二维系统可允许传统形式的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ数Ｒ０≡Ｕｆ０Ｌ≈○（１）以外，这里还证明水平尺度小但铅直方向深厚，并包容着强对流云群团的系统恰恰能容忍特别强的非绝热而保持慢变化。相应地，其中辐散运动可以只比旋转运动小“半个量级”。突破了迄今各类过滤模式对辐散运动的过严限制。在能满足慢演变的条件下，非地转高频波振幅总可被自然、及时地控制在可忽略的水平上，这表明慢演变与准平衡的一致性。按照严谨的尺度分析，在上述讨论的过程中顺势导出一个“广义平衡模式”。方程中含有强迫场的一阶时间导数项。虽然容许强非绝热和放宽对辐散风的限制，却能以最大限度（这个限度是固有的）的精确性描述滤除高频波的慢演变。这个模式必须屏弃“主导气流”与“次级气流”的区分，包含了一个辐散风倾向的诊断方程。此模式可能特别有助于加深夏季副热带潮湿地区次天气尺度强降水系统的机理诊断