RTK技术在高速公路像片控制测量中的应用

通过RTK技术在诸永高速公路1∶2000像片控制测量中的应用,介绍了RTK测量在带状测区基准转换参数的求解方法及RTK测量成果的精度检验等情况。结果表明,RTK测量不仅能够满足1∶2000像片控制测量精度要求,而且可以大幅度提高作业效率,尤其在交通和通视困难地区更具明显优势。即使在山区和高山区,只要采取有效措施,RTK测量同样能取得比较高的精度。     

Cokriging of regionalized compositions

To avoid spurious spatial correlation when analyzing the spatial covariance structure of regionalized compositions, additive-log-ratio transformation can be used. Here, the additive-log-ratio cokriging estimator, derived in a natural way from this transformation, is shown to be invariant under permutation of components of the untransformed regionalized composition. It leads, as expected, to an exact interpolation. As original data, predicted values of the regionalized composition at unknown points add up to the same constant c and lie between 0 and c.     

Colliding Blast Waves Driven by the Interaction of a Short-Pulse Laser with a Gas of Atomic Clusters

Collisions between shocks are commonly found in many astrophysical objects, however robust numerical models or laboratory analogues of these complex systems remain challenging to implement. We report on the development of scaled laboratory experiments which employ new techniques for launching and diagnosing colliding shocks and high Mach number blast waves, scalable to a limited subset of astrophysically-relevant regimes. Use of an extended medium of atomic clusters enables efficient (>80%) coupling of 700 fs, 1 J, 1054 nm laser pulses to a “cluster” gas with an average density of ≈10¹⁹ particles cm⁻³, producing an initial energy density >10⁵ J cm⁻³, equivalent to ≈5×10⁹ J/g. Multiple laser foci are used to tailor the spatial profile of energy deposition, or to launch pairs of counter-propagating cylindrical shocks which then collide. By probing the collision interferometrically at multiple view angles in 5^{^} increments and applying an inverse Radon transform to the resulting phase projections we have been able to tomographicall reconstruct the full three-dimensional, time-framed electron density profile of the system.     

Application of a data‐based mechanistic modelling (DBM) approach for predicting runoff generation in semi‐arid regions

This paper addresses the application of a data‐based mechanistic (DBM) modelling approach using transfer function models (TFMs) with non‐linear rainfall filtering to predict runoff generation from a semi‐arid catchment (795 km²) in Tanzania. With DBM modelling, time series of rainfall and streamflow were allowed to suggest an appropriate model structure compatible with the data available. The model structures were evaluated by looking at how well the model fitted the data, and how well the parameters of the model were estimated. The results indicated that a parallel model structure is appropriate with a proportion of the runoff being routed through a fast flow pathway and the remainder through a slow flow pathway. Finally, the study employed a Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology to evaluate the parameter sensitivity and predictive uncertainty based on the feasible parameter ranges chosen from the initial analysis of recession curves and calibration of the TFM. Results showed that parameters that control the slow flow pathway are relatively more sensitive than those that control the fast flow pathway of the hydrograph. Within the GLUE framework, it was found that multiple acceptable parameter sets give a range of predictions. This was found to be an advantage, since it allows the possibility of assessing the uncertainty in predictions as conditioned on the calibration data and then using that uncertainty as part of the decision‐making process arising from any rainfall‐runoff modelling project. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling of groundwater mound formation resulting from transient recharge

An analytical solution of a linearized Boussinesq equation is obtained to predict water table fluctuations as a result of time varying recharge from a strip basin for any number of recharge cycles. The analytical solution is obtained by using finite Fourier sine transform. Applications of the solution for the prediction of water table fluctuations and sensitivity analysis are demonstrated with the help of example problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈构造对煤田的改造作用

含煤盆地形成之后，受地应力作用产生的各种构造现象，改变了原始煤盆地的形态，且具有多样性、复杂性。研究成盆后构造对煤田的改造作用，对煤炭资源的预测和勘查具有重要意义。通过部分实例，论述了断层和褶皱对煤田的改造作用，并对今后的找煤方向提出认识。     

甘肃省产业转型及其生态环境效应研究

产业转型在促进区域社会经济繁荣的同时,也对生态环境产生重要影响.分析了甘肃省产业发展轨迹以及不同产业发展对生态环境的影响,利用不同产业的生态环境影响指数计算了1980年以来该省产业转型的生态环境效应.得出以下结论:1980年以来,甘肃省产业结构发生了较大变动,经历了2次产业转型;产业结构生态环境影响属于中等,1980年以来出现2次大的波动,存在降低后又反弹现象;产业转型轨迹与产业转型引起的生态环境效应轨迹在变化趋势上存在着一致性,都呈明显的 "波浪形";产业转型对生态环境的影响滞后于产业转型;基于生态环境保护的产业转型任务相当艰巨,亟需实施基于生态环境保护的长效产业政策.     

Forward Modeling of Gravity, Gravity Gradients, and Magnetic Anomalies due to Complex Bodies

On the basis of the results of improved analytical expression of computation of gravity anomalies due to a homogeneous polyhedral body composed of polygonal facets, and applying the forward theory with the coordinate transformation of vectors and tensors, we deduced both the analytical expressions for gravity gradient tensors and for magnetic anomalies of a polygon, and obtained new analytical expressions for computing vertical gradients of gravity anomalies and vertical component of magnetic anomalies caused by a polyhedral body. And also we developed explicitly the complete unified expressions for the calculation of gravity anomalies, gravity gradient, and magnetic anomalies due to the homogeneous polyhedron. Furthermore, we deduced new analytical expressions for computing vertical gradients of gravity anomalies due to a finite rectangular prism by applying the newly obtained expressions for gravity gradient tensors due to a polyhedral target body. Comparison with forward calculation of models shows the correctness of these new expressions. It will reduce forward calculation time of gravity-magnetic anomalies and improve computational efficiency by applying our unified expressions for joint forward modeling of gravity-magnetic anomalies due to homogeneous polyhedral bodies.     

小波变换多尺度分解系数阈值选择在一维去噪的应用

对小波变换理论进行了简单的介绍,并详细分析了基于小波变换对信号去噪处理的原理和实现,并对小波多重分解时选取不同的阈值对去噪效果进行详细的研究。最后结合理论分析和实验实例讨论了小波分析在信号去噪方面的作用,利用光滑性和相似性来评价去噪效果。     

工程建设中坐标转换方法的运用

工程建设中常因为遇到不同的坐标系统,增加了施工的难度.本文主要就坐标换算的方法、运用和编程做介绍,以供施工人员在工程建设中参考运用坐标换算方法,以达到系统统一、简化施工的目的.