用图形几何变换法求解GIS中的特殊空间关系

分析了G IS中用解析几何法求解空间关系的特点和缺陷,并提出了采用图形的几何变换法克服它的缺点。根据图形的几何变换原理,采用面向对象思想设计实现了用于平移、比例、旋转等各种几何变换的转换矩阵类,最后用实例检验了这种方法的优势,取得了良好的效果。     

数字海洋虚拟水下数字地形实现的关键技术

数字海洋是数字地球的重要组成部分,其中实现虚拟的三维水下数字地形模型尤其关键。但常规的地理信息系统软件(如ArcG IS等)尚不具备建立大区域数字海洋系统所需的一些关键功能。因此,根据数字海洋的特点,论述了数字海洋系统中实现水下数字地形的若干关键技术,即二重变换数字化技术,等深线到栅格数字地形直接生成技术,以及基于球面的三维地形显示技术等,并以数字南海系统开发作为实例,对提出的技术方法作了具体的实现验证。     

Evaluation of the flushing rates of Apalachicola Bay, Florida via natural geochemical tracers

We used naturally occurring radium isotopes as tracers of water exchange in Apalachicola Bay, a shallow coastal-plain estuary in northwestern Florida. The bay receives fresh water and radium from the Apalachicola River, and mixes with Gulf of Mexico waters through four inlets. We deployed moored buoys with attached Mn-fibers at several stations throughout the estuary during two summer and two winter periods. After deployment for at least one tidal cycle we measured the ratio of the two short-lived radium isotopes ²²³Ra (half-life = 11 d) and ²²⁴Ra (3.6 d) to estimate “radium ages” of the water in the bay.During our four seasonal deployments the river discharge ranged from 338 to 1016 m³ s^− 1. According to our calculations the water turnover time in the bay during these samplings ranged from 6 to 12 days. Age contours in the bay showed that winds and tides as well as river discharge influence the water movement and the residence time of freshwater in the bay. We also calculated the mean age of river water in the bay which was between 5 to 9 days during the studied periods. We suggest that this approach can be used to quantify transport processes of dissolved substances in the bay. For example, soluble nutrient or pollutant transport rates from a point source could be examined. We conclude that the radium age technique is well suited for flushing rate calculations in river dominated shallow estuaries.     

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分形内插法及在不规则线状实体形态变换中的应用

论述了分形内插的基本方法 ,提出了基于局部图形特征的分形内插 ,并编制程序实现了线状实体的分形内插 ,该方法的深入讨论 ,为在不同尺度下空间物体的形态变换提供了较为有效的途径     

潮滩“干湿过程”模式下营养盐的迁移、转化微观实验模拟

潮滩是联系陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的交互过渡带,与陆地湖泊、河流和深海系统相比有其特殊性和复杂性.在潮汐作用下由于潮滩受潮水周期性浸没和暴露的影响,使得潮滩界面成为一个典型的沉积物-水-气周期性交互作用界面.潮水的周期性涨退将诱使潮滩沉积物中发生一系列的物理、化学和生物变化[1].在暴露期间,因蒸发作用潮滩沉积物可能会发生失水现象,并引起沉积物孔隙水发生迁移和水溶性物质扩散梯度发生变化[2,3].在暴露失水过程中,空气也可能会占据沉积物间隙,并引起潮滩沉积物物理结构发生变化,加剧了沉积物-气界面之间需氧过程的发生[4,5].     

Evaluation of the wave transformation in an open bay with two spectral models

An evaluation of two state of the art phase averaged wave models for the transformation scale, SWAN and STWAVE, is carried out in the present work. The target area is the Obidos Bay located in the central part of the Portuguese continental nearshore. The wave input for the two models is provided by an offshore buoy. In order to compare the nearshore outputs of the wave models against in-situ measurements, a directional buoy and an ADCP, operating in intermediate water depth, are used. The wave parameters considered for comparisons are significant wave height, peak period and wave direction. Sensitivity analyses studies and evaluations in the spectral and geographical spaces concerning the results of the two models are also carried out in both intermediate and shallow water. The present study provides some information on the performances of the two wave models in different forcing conditions as well as on their sensitivity in relationship with various input parameters and some physical processes. STWAVE appears to be faster and more robust than SWAN, which on the other hand has more options and flexibility. In statistical terms the results are comparable.     

Nonlinear Dispersion Relation in Wave Transformation

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河南省气温变化与北极涛动指数的关系研究

利用连续小波变换和交叉小波变换方法,分析了北极涛动指数和河南省近50多年来月平均气温距平序列的时频变化特征以及两者之间的关系.结果表明:河南省气温和北极涛动都存在着不同时间尺度的周期性变化,且各周期分量的强度不同.北极涛动指数具有2～4 a、8 a左右年际尺度和12～25 a、35 a以上年代际尺度的周期振荡;河南气温存在准2 a、4 a、6～8 a、10～20 a、28 a和35 a以上时间尺度的周期性变化.AO振荡过程影响河南省气温变化的时频结构,且主要表现在年代际时间尺度上.     

RTK技术在高速公路像片控制测量中的应用

通过RTK技术在诸永高速公路1∶2000像片控制测量中的应用,介绍了RTK测量在带状测区基准转换参数的求解方法及RTK测量成果的精度检验等情况。结果表明,RTK测量不仅能够满足1∶2000像片控制测量精度要求,而且可以大幅度提高作业效率,尤其在交通和通视困难地区更具明显优势。即使在山区和高山区,只要采取有效措施,RTK测量同样能取得比较高的精度。