Maximum likelihood environmental calibration and the compute program WACALIB a correction

A recently discovered error in the part of the computer program WACALIB that implements maximum likelihood (ML) calibration has been discovered and corrected. The new version of WACALIB has been re-run with all the data-sets from which results based on the earlier version of WACALIB had been published. The new results suggest that ML regression and calibration perform as well or even better than weighted averaging (WA), at least when judged by the apparent root mean squared error. Further work involving cross-validation is required to evaluate more fully the relative performance of WA and ML approaches.     

Estimation of Hourly and Daily Global Solar Radiation at Clear Days Using an Approach Based on Modified Version of Gaussian Distribution

The performance of two models,Jam and Baig,based on the modified version of Gaussian distribution function in estimating the daily total of global solar radiation and its distribution through the hours of the day from sunrise to sunset al any clear day is evaluated with our own measured data in the period from June 1992 to May 1993 in Qena Egypt The results show a high relative deviation of calculated values from measured ones,especially for Jain model,in the most hours of the day,except for those near to local noon.This misfit behavior is quite obvious in the early morning and late afternoon A new approach has been proposed in this paper to estimate the daily and hourly global solar radiation This model performs with very high accuracy on the recorded data in our region.The validity of this approach was verified with new measurements in some clear days in June and August 1994.The resultant very low relative deviation of the calculated values of global solar radiation from the measured ones confirms the     

基于局部条纹频率估计的二维高斯滤波方法

提出一种基于局部条纹频率估计的干涉相位图二维高斯滤波方法。该方法采用最大似然法估计局部条纹频率,并用相位噪声的局部标准差评价噪声强度,从而控制滤波器参数实现自适应滤波,并采用仿真数据和SIR-C/XSAR在意大利Etna火山的干涉数据进行试验,将本算法与均值滤波方法和中值滤波方法以及Goldstein滤波方法进行了比较。试验结果表明,该方法不仅能够有效抑制干涉相位噪声,还能够很好地保持干涉条纹的细节信息。     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

船行波对H-ADCP 影响分析研究

作为当今世界上最先进的测流仪器，水平式声学多普勒流速剖面仪（Horizontal Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler，H-ADCP） 因其精度高、速度快等突出优势在河流中的应用越来越广泛，但在航运业发达地区，由于受船行波的影响，很难得到稳定可靠的流速数据，阻碍了H-ADCP在平原河网地区的应用和推广。目前技术上很难做到完全消除船行波的影响，本文将H-ADCP应用在平原河网地区对流速进行测量，并分析了船行波对测量精度的影响。从H-ADCP设备选型、测量和安装方式、测量预处理、数据后处理等多方面入手，可以有效消减船行波对H-ADCP 的影响，从而提高测流精度。同时，通过实验测量断面一天内平均流速变化情况，得到受船行波影响后的流速波形，然后采用数据处理手段，验证了所提方法的可行性。     

基于HMM双重模型的伽马能谱漂移模拟

结合放射性测量中的能谱统计特性及漂移特点,提出了采用hidden Markov models对能谱漂移进行模拟的双重模型方法。采用Gaussian mixture model对能谱的短时瞬态特性进行描述,转化为参数化模型;采用HMM状态转移对能谱测量中的能谱漂移条件进行模拟,实现Gaussian mixture model的参数调整。实例表明,该方法可以灵活地调整参数以满足能谱漂移模拟的多样性要求,是一种性能良好的参数化模拟方法。     

实时交通数据支持下的医疗服务时空可达性分析

针对现有城市医疗服务可达性分析方法未考虑就医偏好,导致测算结果与居民实际感受相差较大的问题,本文提出了一种顾及时间和距离成本偏好的医疗服务时空可达性分析方法,并以武汉市中心城区为例进行了分析。试验结果表明,研究方法充分利用交通路况,兼顾了交通距离和通行时间对就医选择的影响,距离偏好在新方法中作用显著。该方法一方面可以体现不同时刻可达性差异,另一方面又强调了居民就医的时间和距离成本偏好,相比单一的时间或距离成本更具优势,分析结果更符合现实。     

区域土地利用影响地表CO2浓度异质性特征的动力学机制

本文综合应用高斯方程和拉姆齐模型,针对京津冀地区2000年以来10 km×10 km栅格尺度的地表CO₂浓度开展研究,分析了区域土地利用影响地表CO₂浓度异质性特征的动力学机制。研究发现：① 地表CO₂浓度与土地利用类型密切相关。2000—2018年京津冀地区CO₂浓度的高值区主要集中于经济较发达的快速城镇化地区;② 土地利用强度及土地利用效率上的时空分异为地表CO₂扩散提供了潜在的势能。京津冀地区地表CO₂排放及扩散存在明显的空间异质性,距离CO₂排放高值区越近,其相应的CO₂浓度越高并随时间推移及空间拓展呈逐步减小的态势;③ 京津冀地区在土地利用结构调整、格局优化及效率提升后,CO₂排放强度增幅明显减弱,其区域间的增幅差异也逐渐缩小。产业转型发展、土地利用格局优化、土地利用效率提高有效地抑制了京津冀地区地表CO₂排放强度的提升并促进了该区域的内涵式增长与高质量发展。     

基于形状先验和图割的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取

给出一种从高分辨率遥感影像中提取道路的方法。先对遥感影像进行滤波预处理获取纹理特征;再以图割解算经典能量函数获取道路图斑,其中利用高斯混合模型构建T链;接着利用直线匹配法获得初始道路段;最后用图割解算融合了两种形状先验的能量函数,结合动态外推的思路连接道路段。对不同遥感影像的实验证明了算法的有效性。     

利用人工鱼群算法优化高斯过程模型及应用分析

基于高斯过程利用传统共轭梯度法搜索超参数,存在对初始值依赖性强、获得局部最优解的不足。本文采用人工鱼群算法对超参数进行智能寻优,建立了基于人工鱼群算法的高斯过程模型对变形体形变进行预测分析。通过隧道和基坑两个工程实例计算比对分析,NN、SE和RQ 3种核函数中NN核函数的预测效果最好,平均相对误差分别为0.69%和1.06%。结果表明超参数优化模型的预测精度得到了较大的提高,改善了高斯过程算法本身存在的超参数求解方面的不足,效果明显。