真实砂岩微观模型实验在白豹地区长4+5砂岩微观非均质性研究中的应用

油气储层的微观非均质性特征是储层地质学研究的重要内容之一.通过真实砂岩微观模型实验,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长4 5储层的微观非均质性特征,发现该区长4 5储层为致密型砂岩,真实砂岩微观模型实验直观地显示出长4 5储层具有很强的微观非均质性,砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙结构是影响本区长4 5储层微观非均质性的主要原因.在低渗透砂岩中,溶蚀作用引起砂岩产生强烈的非均质性,而这些砂岩则形成长4 5储层的高渗带.     

A preliminary note on the dispersal of the Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas

The common or similar elements of faunas shared by the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna and the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale fauna are listed in a generic level so as to have a better understanding of the palaeogeographic relationship between the South China Block and Laurentia. The Burgess Shale-type faunas probably had a worldwide distribution during the interval ranging from the Late Tommotian to Atdabanian. The geographic and biological contributions to the cosmopolitan geographic distribution of the Burgess Shale-type faunas are discussed. However, newly developed pelagic larvae in many phyla, which probably acquired their first bloom in the Cambrian, might have promoted the dispersal.     

硫酸盐三氧同位素测试制样新技术——Ag2SO4热解法

氧同位素能有效地示踪硫酸盐起源及其形成环境,随着硫酸盐中氧同位素质量不相关分馏现象的陆续发现,三氧同位素的研究已成为热点与前沿.笔者研究了硫酸盐三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)测试制样的最新技术--Ag2SO4热解法.基本原理是:Ag2SO4在1050℃下热解为O2和SO2,其中O2产额可达(45±7)%,SO2产额接近100%,收集两种气体送作质谱分析可测得δ17O、δ18O和δ34S值.本方法的特殊要求是所有硫酸盐样品都必须转化为Ag2SO4,笔者详细介绍了水样、土样、石膏样品、BaSO4样品的处理方法与步骤.Ag2SO4热解法不再使用传统方法中的氟化试剂,安全可靠、价廉,顺应了环保意识和以人为本的原则.技术先进:适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值.     

山东东营博兴洼陷沙四段砂岩粒度分析与沉积环境

根据对山东东营博兴洼陷沙四段砂岩粒度特征统计,对沙四段砂岩的分选性、偏度、峰度等进行了分析,并利用萨胡粒度判别函数和C—M图解识别出浊流和三角洲（河流）沉积环境。归纳出了6种粒度概率累积曲线形态样式,最后别出湖底扇、三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝和远砂坝等沉积环境。     

MICAPS4网络平台设计与实现

针对多源、海量、实时气象数据的特点和高交互天气预报预警的业务需求,设计开发了MICAPS4网络平台,该平台包括服务器和网络前端结构,该平台可以实现网络气象数据叠加显示和交互分析等功能。该平台基于统一气象数据模型和分布式实时计算处理框架对多源海量、实时气象数据进行快速处理、计算分析、网络传输和发布,基于HTML5渲染绘制技术实现了浏览器端气象数据的标准实时渲染绘制和交互操作等。MICAPS4网络平台及基于该平台搭建的国家级、省级专业气象网络应用业务系统运行稳定,实现了海量气象数据的网络快速处理分析、高效渲染绘制、预报预警制作交互操作等功能,对建设国家级和省级气象网络应用系统具有重要意义。     

Idealized Experiments for Optimizing Model Parameters Using a 4D-Variational Method in an Intermediate Coupled Model of ENSO

Large biases exist in real-time ENSO prediction, which can be attributed to uncertainties in initial conditions and model parameters. Previously, a 4 D variational(4 D-Var) data assimilation system was developed for an intermediate coupled model(ICM) and used to improve ENSO modeling through optimized initial conditions. In this paper, this system is further applied to optimize model parameters. In the ICM used, one important process for ENSO is related to the anomalous temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer(T_e), which is empirically and explicitly related to sea level(SL) variation.The strength of the thermocline effect on SST(referred to simply as "the thermocline effect") is represented by an introduced parameter, αT_e. A numerical procedure is developed to optimize this model parameter through the 4 D-Var assimilation of SST data in a twin experiment context with an idealized setting. Experiments having their initial condition optimized only,and having their initial condition plus this additional model parameter optimized, are compared. It is shown that ENSO evolution can be more effectively recovered by including the additional optimization of this parameter in ENSO modeling.The demonstrated feasibility of optimizing model parameters and initial conditions together through the 4 D-Var method provides a modeling platform for ENSO studies. Further applications of the 4 D-Var data assimilation system implemented in the ICM are also discussed.     

An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4 (RegCM4). The improved CLM3.5 and RegCM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.     

路域植被等效水厚度估算模型研究

植被等效水厚度对路域生态环境的监测评估具有重要意义。本研究以湖南醴潭高速一段为研究对象,以地面实测光谱和等效水厚度以及PRO4SAIL模拟光谱和模拟等效水厚度为数据源,利用PRO4SAIL冠层模型模拟光谱与地面实测光谱建立12种常用水分指数,引入随机森林算法对水分指数与等效水厚度进行重要性分析,得到12种水分指数的重要性排序;利用调整R ²确定建立等效水厚度估算模型中输入水分指数的最佳个数;在优选水分指数基础上,以PRO4SAIL模拟光谱计算得到水分指数和等效水厚度为训练集,分别构建随机森林耦合偏最小二乘（RF-PLS）、随机森林耦合支持向量机（RF-SVM）和随机森林耦合遗传算法优化支持向量机（RF-GA-SVM）等效水估算模型,并用地面实测等效水厚度对估算模型进行精度验证与分析。结果表明：RF-SVM估算模型中输入重要性前9的水分指数（NDWI、NMDI、SRWI、SR、NDII、WI、DWI、MSI、SAVI）时,调整R ²最高,验证集决定系数为0.8877;RF-PLS和RF-GA-SVM估算模型中输入重要性前4的水分指数（NDWI、NMDI、SRWI、SR）时,调整R ²最高,验证集决定系数分别为0.8053、0.8952,其中RF-GA-SVM模型估算等效水厚度效果最佳,其精度满足路域植被等效水厚度监测要求。本文研究成果为等效水厚度估算提供一种有效且精确的方法,同时为发展基于高光谱遥感的路域环境监测提供重要支撑。     

SWDC-4航摄仪在大面积高山地貌地区的运用

国产大像幅数码相机应用于航空摄影测量是目前摄影测量界关注的焦点,为此我们运用国产SWDC-4四拼航空数码相机,进行了大量的飞行试验,以验证其可行性。本文叙述了整个飞行实施过程,并对相机的使用做了分析,给出了本相机的优缺点,提出了克服相机缺点的方案。本相机的应用填补了国产航空数码相机的空白,加快了我国航空摄影测量内外业一体化的进程。     

基于VDRAS的快速更新雷达四维变分分析系统

基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化 (RR4DVar) 技术和三维数值云模式,初步研发了一个针对对流尺度数值模拟的快速更新雷达四维变分分析系统。系统通过对京津冀6部多普勒天气雷达资料进行RR4DVar同化,并融合5 min自动气象站观测和中尺度数值模式结果,可快速分析得到12~18 min更新的低层大气三维动力、热力场的对流尺度结构特征。针对2009年7月22日发生在京津冀的一次强风暴个例,通过一系列敏感性试验,并利用局地加密资料进行检验对比,表明有效的雷达资料RR4DVar同化及自动气象站和中尺度模式资料融合方案、恰当的中尺度背景场设置和动力约束方法是获得合理结果的关键。研究也表明:恰当的系统配置能够模拟出与对流生消发展密切相关的近风暴环境特征,包括低层入流、垂直风切变、低层辐合上升和暖舌等,以及风暴自身形成的冷池、出流等与风暴演变密切相关的对流尺度结构。