Physical constraints on c13 and δ for transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks

Based on the theory of anisotropic elasticity and observation of static mechanic measurement of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks or rock‐like materials, we reasoned that one of the three principal Poisson's ratios of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks should always be greater than the other two and they should be generally positive. From these relations, we derived tight physical constraints on c₁₃, Thomsen parameter δ, and anellipticity parameter η. Some of the published data from laboratory velocity anisotropy measurement are lying outside of the constraints. We analysed that they are primarily caused by substantial uncertainty associated with the oblique velocity measurement. These physical constraints will be useful for our understanding of Thomsen parameter δ, data quality checking, and predicting δ from measurements perpendicular and parallel to the symmetrical axis of transversely isotropic medium. The physical constraints should also have potential application in anisotropic seismic data processing.     

Modal identification of a centrifuge soil model using subspace state space method

In this paper, modal parameters of a layered soil system comprising of a soft clay layer overlying a dense sand layer are identified from accelerometer recordings in a centrifuge test. For the first time, the subspace state space system identification (4SID) method was employed to identify the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and complex valued mode shapes while considering the non-proportional damping in a soil system. A brief review of system identification concepts needed for application of the 4SID techniques to structural modal identification is provided in the paper. The identified natural frequencies were validated against those estimated by transfer function spectra. The computed normal mode shapes were compared with closed-form solutions obtained from the one-dimensional shear wave propagation equation. The identified modal parameters were then employed to synthesize state space prediction models which were subsequently used to simulate the soil response to three successive base motions. The identified models captured acceleration time-histories and corresponding Fourier spectra reasonably well in the small and moderate shaking events. In the stronger third shaking event, the model performed well at greater soil depths, but was less accurate near the surface where nonlinearities dominated.     

2012年5月3日甘肃省金塔县MS 5.4地震

2012年5月3日,甘肃省金塔县、内蒙古额济纳旗交界发生MS5.4地震,这是继2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震10年后,在河西走廊西部发生的又一次破坏性地震。极震区烈度约为Ⅶ度,地震没有造成人员伤亡、震害较轻,但有一定的房屋破坏及经济损失。文章对该地震的基本参数、地震序列、地震背景及地震构造等作了初步分析。     

高阶统计量方法识别聊古一井气氡浓度异常

运用CUM-AIC方法分析了聊古一井气氡浓度观测资料,发现2006年4月9日山东莘县与河南濮阳交界的濮阳ML4.6级地震前气氡浓度有异常变化,异常持续时间达10天,计算结果中的转折点对应着异常的起止时间。CUM-AIC方法优于传统的一阶、二阶统计量分析方法。     

渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段储层成岩流体演化

渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段在埋藏过程中经历了多期酸碱流体演化,同时经历了多期油气充注作用,导致储层物性经历了复杂的演化过程。对渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段埋藏演化史、有机质热演化、膏盐层脱水等综合研究,结合各种烃类和盐水包裹体特征分析,确定了渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段成岩流体演化序列：(1)沙四上亚段沉积时期气候干旱,原始地层水呈弱碱性。(2)开始沉积至距今42.5 Ma,有机质尚未成熟,地层流体仍保持弱碱性,成岩作用主要为压实排水作用,形成早期球粒状黄铁矿胶结物。(3)距今42.5~30 Ma,为有机酸控制下的酸性环境,发生长石溶解、石英加大。(4)距今30~24.6 Ma,有机酸发生脱羧,同时沙四上亚段顶部膏盐层脱出大量碱性水,使地层水pH值呈碱性,发生碳酸盐胶结和石英溶解,其中距今28.8~24.6 Ma,发生第一期油气充注;距今24.6~6 Ma,地层经历抬升及再沉降,在抬升过程中有机质再次生成有机酸,使地层水pH值呈酸性,发生第二期酸性溶解、石英加大,其中距今10~6 Ma,发生第二期油气充注。(5)距今6 Ma至现今,沙四上亚段膏盐层发生脱水,地层流体呈碱性,发育少量晚期黄铁矿胶结等。     

地理空间数据库建库的若干关键技术的研究

主要结合重庆市地理信息数据库的建库实践,阐述了建库的目标与过程,并探讨了建库工作中的若干关键技术问题。     

Analysis of the decadal and interdecadal variations of the east asian winter monsoon as simulated by 20 coupled models in IPCC AR4

Using the output data of 20 coupled climate models used in IPCC AR4 and observational data from NCEP, the capability of the models to simulate the boreal winter climatology of the East Asian sea level pressure, 850-hPa wind, and surface air temperature; the decadal variations of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) intensity and EAWM-related circulation, and the interdecadal variations of EAWM-related circulation are systematically evaluated. The results indicate that 16 models can weakly simulate the declining trend of the EAWM in the 1980s. More than half of the models produce relatively reasonable decadal variations of the EAWM-related circulation and the interdecadal differences of EAWM-related circulation between the boreal winters of 1960-1985 and 1986-1998, including the weakened Siberian high, Aleutian low, and East Asian trough, the enhanced Arctic oscillation and North Pacific oscillation, and a deepened polar vortex. It is found that the performance of the multi-selected-model ensemble in reproducing the spatial distribution of the variations is encouraging, although the variational amplitudes are generally smaller than the observations. In addition, it is found that BCCR-BCM2.0, CGCM3.1-T63, CNRM-CM3, CSIRO-MK3.0, GISS-ER, INM-CM3.0, and MRI-CGCM2.3.2 perform well in every aspect.     

一种利用HJ-IRS影像的林火火点自动检测算法

对比分析了MODIS传感器和HJ-IRS传感器的差异,在MODIS火点探测V4算法的基础上,通过对云和水体掩膜方法的改进及算法中各阈值的调整,提出了一种适于HJ-IRS的林火火点自动检测算法。以我国黑龙江地区及俄罗斯远东地区为研究对象,通过与采用V4算法生产的相同区域内同时相的MODIS火点产品进行对比分析,发现IRS火点产品在空间分布上与MODIS火点产品基本一致,并没有出现漏检现象;而在低温小火点的探测及火点的几何定位方面,HJ-IRS更具优势。     

机载LiDAR系统及其在水利中的应用

机载LiDAR系统是一种主动式的对地观测系统,主要由中心控制单元、POS系统、激光扫描测距系统和数码相机组成。可以精确、快速地获取地面3维数据以及与其匹配的影像数据,从而生成高精度的4D产品。文中论述了LiDAR工作原理,介绍了机载LiDAR系统的组成,LiDAR数据的处理流程。最后,探讨了机载LiDAR系统在水利行业中的应用。