皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)WNT4基因生物信息学分析及与性腺发育相关性的研究

WNT4作为WNT基因家族的重要成员,在动物的性腺发育过程中起重要调控作用。从皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)转录组文库中获得WNT4基因的cDNA序列,该序列长2002 bp,包括5′非编码区(5′UTR)342bp,3′非编码区(3′UTR)595bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1071bp,可以编码356个氨基酸。该蛋白序列与福寿螺(Pomaceacanaliculata)、长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)、栉孔扇贝(Azumapectenfarreri)和厚壳贻贝(Mytiluscoruscus)的同源性分别为71.86%、 70.92%、 67.51%和65.32%。通过qRT-PCR分析WNT4基因在雌雄皱纹盘鲍不同月份不同组织中的表达特点,其结果显示,除肝胰腺外,WNT4基因在其雌雄个体不同月份的鳃、外套膜、肌肉和性腺中均有表达;在雌性个体性腺中, WNT4基因的表达量以7月份为最高,显著高于其他月份;其次为5、8月,显著高于6、9月的表达量;5月与8月、6月与9月之间均差异不显著。在雄性个体性腺中,不同月份WNT4的表达量7月8月9月5月6月; 7、8月的表达量均显著高于其他月份, 9月显著高于6月的表达量,与5月差异不显著,5月表达量与6月差异不显著。此外,WNT4基因在精巢的表达量均高于卵巢。原位杂交(ISH)结果显示, WNT4在5—9月雌性皱纹盘鲍性腺的卵母细胞和雄性性腺的结缔组织均有明显的蓝紫色杂交信号。皱纹盘鲍WNT4基因在各个组织均有表达,表明其的表达特点是广泛性的,参与多种组织细胞的生命过程;在不同月份性腺中的表达特征,推测其可能在两性性腺发育过程中发挥作用。     

EH4电磁测深系统在成矿预测及控矿构造解译方面的应用

EH4连续电导率剖面仪是利用人工电磁场源与天然电磁场源测量大地电阻率的一种频率域和时间域相结合的大地电磁测深系统,兼有单点测深和剖面测量的双重功能。文章以广东河台金矿、安徽桃冲铁矿EH4电磁测深应用为例,在分析区域地质情况、综合前人研究成果的基础上,详细进行了测量剖面成果的解译。测量结果表明,EH4电磁测深系统在成矿预测和控矿构造解译方面的应用效果好,对深部矿体形态、延深及控矿构造的展布反演清晰,对2个矿床进一步的找矿工作意义重大,也进一步证实了EH4电磁测深技术在地质勘查方面的应用前景广阔。     

前河金矿田葚沟矿区构造特征及找矿方向

葚沟矿区位于前河金矿田中心部位,是豫西地区近年发现的规模达大型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。F4矿体为该矿床主要矿体,除 F4外矿区还有 F22、F18这两条断裂。近年地质人员对 F22与 F4关系提出了不同观点。本文通过对Ⅳ号矿带、F22构造特征研究,理清了它们之间的相互关系,总结出区内断裂的生成顺序为 F4-F22-F4。同时指出了矿区的探矿方向,对指导该区找矿及生产有一定意义。     

三峡澎溪河水域CO2与CH4年总通量估算

以2010年6月~2011年5月三峡澎溪河回水区CO₂与CH₄通量监测数据为基础,参考澎溪河高阳平湖水域全年4次的24 h昼夜连续跟踪观测结果,对每月各采样点的日通量值进行估算。提出了水下地形划分法和环境因素控制法,将各采样点日通量数据外延至整个回水区水域,并估算了澎溪河回水区水域CO₂与CH₄年总通量值。研究期间,澎溪河回水区全年各采样点CO₂通量均值为(3.05±0.46)mmol/(m2·h);CH₄为(0.050 1±0.009 6)mmol/(m2·h)。以水下地形法为基础,该水域全年CO₂和CH₄总通量分别为40 060.5 t和540.9 t;以环境因素控制法为基础,全年CO₂与CH₄总通量分别为39 073.0 t和467.2 t。以环境要素控制法为参考,该水域CO₂全年平均释放强度为43.26 mmol/(m2·d),在全球水库数据序列中处于中等略偏高水平,CH₄全年平均释放强度为1.42 mmol/(m2·d),在全球水库序列中处于中等水平。     

2012年2月16日河源M4.8级地震

通过地震序列特征分析初步判断认为,河源ML4.8级地震与库水位变化的对应关系不明显,短期内震中区发生更大地震的可能性很小。现场宏观调查结果显示,极震区Ⅵ度等震线长轴为北北西向,震源机制解所反映的震源应力场主压应力方向为北西西向,与区域构造应力场方向一致;地震的发震构造应为北北西向,但震中区附近并无此组断裂出露地表,因此河源ML4.8级地震的成因,仍然值得深入研究。     

应用和达法测定福建古田水口水库ML4.8级地震序列波速比

应用和达法测定福建古田水口水库ML4.8级地震序列的波速比,其计算的相关系数较高,测得的波速比值具有较高的可信度。通过分析ML4.8级主震前后的波速比发现,在前震期经历了相对稳定—低异常值—回升—加速上升—高异常值—主震发生的过程;余震期波速比高、低异常值增多,且差异有逐渐加大趋势。     

Preconcentration by Coprecipitation of Copper and Nickel with Mo(VI)/Triazole Derivative System and Their Determinations by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Food and Water Samples

A new separation and preconcentration technique based on coprecipitation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by the aid of Mo(VI)/di‐tert‐butyl{methylenebis[5‐(chlorobenzyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3,4‐diyl]}biscarbamate (BUMECTAC) precipitate has been established. The Mo(VI)/BUMECTAC precipitate was dissolved by concentrated HNO₃ and the solution was completed to 5.0 mL with distilled/deionized water. The levels of the analyte ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The effects of experimental conditions like HNO₃ concentration, amount of BUMECTAC and Mo(VI), sample volume, etc. and also the influences of some foreign ions were investigated in detail on the quantitative recoveries of analyte ions. The preconcentration factors were found to be 40 for Cu(II) and 100 for Ni(II) ions. The detection limits for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions based on 3σ (N:10) were 0.43 and 0.70 µg L^?1, respectively. The relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 4.0% for both analyte ions. The accuracy of the method was checked by spiked/recovery tests and the analysis of two certified reference materials (Environment Canada TM‐25.3 and CRM‐SA‐C Sandy Soil C). The procedure was successfully applied to sea water and stream water as liquid samples and baby food as solid sample in order to determine the levels of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions.     

Ordovician backarc‐basin metadolerite and metabasalt of the South Kitakami Terrane,Northeast Japan

Basement rocks that occur along the northern margin of the South Kitakami Terrane in Japan consist of Ordovician ultramafic rocks (Hayachine ultramafic complex), gneissose amphibolite (Kuromoriyama amphibolite), and mafic rocks (Kagura igneous rocks, KIR). The KIR are composed of metagabbro, metadolerite, metabasalt, and minor felsic–intermediate dikes. Although the KIR contain green hornblende due to metamorphism of greenschist to epidote–amphibolite facies, they rarely retain primary brown hornblende. Approximately 30% of the metabasalt shows porphyritic textures, with phenocrysts of saussuritized plagioclase and/or altered mafic minerals. The geochemistry of the common metadolerite and metabasalt of the KIR shows a tholeiite trend, a low TiO₂ content, and high Th/Nb and Ti/V ratios. The KIR are therefore indicative of a supra‐subduction zone tectonic setting, which implies a backarc origin (as also indicated by discrimination diagrams). Trace element patterns of the KIR resemble those of the backarc‐basin basalt of the Japan and Yamato basins in the Japan Sea. We propose that the KIR formed during backarc spreading from the Ordovician to Early Silurian. This view is supported by the geochemical data, the tectonic setting of the Hayachine ultramafic rocks, and the provenance of clastics within Silurian sedimentary rocks.     

Late Holocene record of environmental changes,cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake,Mangaia, Cook Islands

A 4.3 m‐long peat sequence from the shore of Lake Tiriara, Mangaia, Cook Islands, was analyzed using an ITRAX core scanner equipped with a magnetic susceptibility meter. Variations in the elemental profiles, providing insights into long‐ and short‐term environmental changes over the last 3500 years, are supported by grain size data and diatom assemblages. The scattering ratio (Mo Inc/Mo Coh) was evaluated and found to represent a good proxy for organic matter in peat. X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data were processed by principal component analysis that confirmed the distinction of biogenic and detrital phases, organic matter and elements of marine origin. The record preserved in the peat sequence includes a peatland infilling stage followed by alternating drier and wetter periods. A notable steady increase in clay associated with high counts of detrital elements from 2000–1700 cal yr BP is attributed to increased erosion, which is most probably linked with human colonization and/or more intense chemical weathering linked with a wetter climate. Freshwater gastropods (Melanoides sp.), which were possibly introduced by humans, or are native, occupied the wetland during a period of lower water level about 1000–1100 cal yr BP. Short‐term changes in the elemental profiles are often linked with slight coarsening of the inorganic fraction that is, however, only revealed after grain size analysis. Peaks in marine indicators (Br, Cl, S, and/or Ca) associated with marine‐dominated diatom assemblages most probably represent marine incursions through the underground tunnel in the makatea, a fossilized, uplifted coral limestone rim. While none of the marine event units present characteristics typical of cyclone or tsunami deposits, the concurrent or absent peak of detrital elements (Fe, Si, Rb, Ti, K) attributed to increased erosion of the volcanic cone associated with a cyclone is used to distinguish both types of events, as also suggested by principal component analysis.     

Zircon U–Pb ages of plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains: Implications for Cretaceous geotectonic evolution of the Abukuma Belt

Plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains include gabbro and diorite, fine‐grained diorite, hornblende–biotite granodiorite (Ishikawa, Samegawa, main part of Miyamoto and Tabito, Kamikimita and Irishiken Plutons), biotite granodiorite (the main part of Hanawa Pluton and the Torisone Pluton), medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite and leucogranite, based on the lithologies and geological relations. Zircon U–Pb ages of gabbroic rocks are 112.4 ±1.0 Ma (hornblende gabbro, Miyamoto Pluton), 109.0 ±1.1 Ma (hornblende gabbro, the Hanawa Pluton), 102.7 ±0.8 Ma (gabbronorite, Tabito Pluton) and 101.0 ±0.6 Ma (fine‐grained diorite). As for the hornblende–biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 104.2 ±0.7 Ma (Ishikawa Pluton), 112.6 ±1.0 Ma (Tabito Pluton), 105.2 ±0.8 Ma (Kamikimita Pluton) and 105.3±0.8 Ma (Irishiken Pluton). Also for the medium‐ to fine‐grained biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 106.5±0.9 Ma (Miyamoto Pluton), 105.1 ±1.0 Ma (Hanawa Pluton) and the medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite has zircon U–Pb age of 104.5 ±0.8 Ma. In the case of the leucogranite, U–Pb age of zircon is 100.6 ±0.9 Ma. These data indicate that the intrusion ages of gabbroic rocks and surrounding granitic rocks ranges from 113 to 101 Ma. Furthermore, K–Ar ages of biotite and or hornblende in the same rock samples were dated. Accordingly, it is clear that these rocks cooled down rapidly to 300 °C (Ar blocking temperature of biotite for K–Ar system) after their intrusion. These chronological data suggest that the Abukuma plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains region uplifted rapidly around 107 to 100 Ma after their intrusion.