影响衍射层析成像质量的目标空间谱重建

衍射层析成像可划分为两步,即由散射数据确定目标空间谱,再由目标空间谱重建目标特性。本文通过计算机模拟讨论由Fourier 衍射定理所重建的目标空间谱,及其对成像的影响。     

阻滑桩加固土坡稳定性分析的上限解法

从极限分析机动学方法出发,利用土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的临界稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式.对于典型问题,通过与现有极限平衡解和有限元数值解的对比分析,验证了这种上限解法的合理性.进而对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,利用极限分析上限定理建立了阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定了极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧土压力,以此为土坡加固中阻滑桩设计提供依据.通过数值计算与分析探讨了阻滑桩加固位置的优化布置等问题.     

Binary upscaling—the role of connectivity and a new formula

Although recognized as important, measures of connectivity (i.e. the existence of high-conductivity paths that increase flow and allow for early solute arrival) have not yet been incorporated into methods for upscaling hydraulic conductivities of porous media. We present and evaluate a binary upscaling formula that utilizes connectivity information. The upscaled hydraulic conductivity (K) of binary media is determined as a function of the proportions and conductivities of the two materials, the geometry of the inclusions, and the mean distance between them. The use of a phase interchange theorem renders the formula equally applicable to two-dimensional media with inclusions of low K and high K as compared with the matrix. The new upscaling formula is tested on two-dimensional binary random fields spanning a broad range of spatial correlation structures and conductivity contrasts. The computed effective conductivities are compared to what is obtained using self-consistent effective medium theory, the coated ellipsoids approximation, and to a streamline approach. It is shown that, although simple, the proposed formula performs better than available methods for binary upscaling. The use of connectivity information leads to significantly improved behavior close to the percolation threshold. The proposed upscaling formula depends exclusively on parameters that are obtainable from field investigations.     

堤防工程风险评价体系研究

分析了堤防系统的层次性及模糊性,在此基础上建立了堤防工程风险评价系统指标体系和评价结构模型。结合FCT(Fuzzy Consistency Theorem)及AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)定义了模糊一致空间,实现了基于模糊一致矩阵的权重反演。针对各典型护岸段,通过加固前江堤系统风险评价的结论,实现了护岸工程的风险等级划分,进而按照局部与整体加固两种情况完成了加固后江堤系统的风险评价。     

Construction of Green's function for the Stokes boundary-value problem with ellipsoidal corrections in the boundary condition

Green's function for the boundary-value problem of Stokes's type with ellipsoidal corrections in the boundary condition for anomalous gravity is constructed in a closed form. The `spherical-ellipsoidal' Stokes function describing the effect of two ellipsoidal correcting terms occurring in the boundary condition for anomalous gravity is expressed in O(e <sup>2</sup> <sub>0</sub>)-approximation as a finite sum of elementary functions analytically representing the behaviour of the integration kernel at the singular point ψ=0. We show that the `spherical-ellipsoidal' Stokes function has only a logarithmic singularity in the vicinity of its singular point. The constructed Green function enables us to avoid applying an iterative approach to solve Stokes's boundary-value problem with ellipsoidal correction terms involved in the boundary condition for anomalous gravity. A new Green-function approach is more convenient from the numerical point of view since the solution of the boundary-value problem is determined in one step by computing a Stokes-type integral. The question of the convergence of an iterative scheme recommended so far to solve this boundary-value problem is thus irrelevant. Received: 5 June 1997 / Accepted: 20 February 1998     

Critical Slope and Plasticity

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｅｓｐｉｔｅｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｌａｓｔｉｃ－ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ－ｖｉｓｃｏｕｓｎｕｍｅｒｉ－ｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｌｏｐｅｓ,ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎ...     

NWP模式中纬向平均环流系统误差的动力诊断

证明了模式在预报时段的纬向平均环流误差，是由于在预报时段内模式大气和真实大气中西风加速过程的不同造成的。又由于原始方程的无加速定理中各强迫因子具有良好的线性迭加性，因此能够清楚地将造成模式系统误差的动力因子分解开来。通过对Ｔ４２Ｌ９模式的分析，说明原始方程的无加速定理可以作为分析模式系统误差的良好手段。动力诊断分析结果表明，模式对纬向平均环流分布具有较好的预报能力，但在各缔带也存在明显的误差。通过无加速定理的分解分析，本文研究了这些误差的成因及改善模式的可能途径。     

再论球面上正压准地转运动的半圆定理

进一步了球面上正压准地转运动中不稳定波的Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆定理，发现在某些特定的基本流分布下，该定理可以发展成圆弧定理，由此得到不稳定扰动增长率的更为精确的估计式。     

多次透射公式的一种高频失稳机制

本文利用一维双曲型偏微分方程组初边值问题数值稳定性的GKS定理的物理解释和推广，分析了多次透射公式在数值实现中可能出现的一种高频失稳机制，即在多维离散网格，沿某一空间方向的外行简谐波，由于与其他空间方向节点运动的耦合效应可以使能量传播方向反向。文中通过数值试验对这一失稳机制作了初步验证。