水下无源导航系统仿真匹配算法研究

针对水下无源导航(地形辅助导航)系统的特点,充分利用各种海洋地理特征传感器获取信息,进行数据预处理、算法分析、性能评估,然后进行智能数据融合,进而完成水下无源导航系统模块化的仿真设计,为水下无源导航系统的进一步研究提供可行的方法和技术。仿真结果表明,采用水下地形匹配辅助导航,能够有效地修正惯导误差达到设计要求,为真实海洋环境下的精确导航提供可靠的技术依据。     

飞行物体虚拟环境仿真系统的研究

概述了飞行物体虚拟环境仿真系统包含的主要技术，重点讨论了虚拟环境中视景系统构建的关键问题，如场景建模、模型驱动及视点的控制与变换等。     

海岸海洋潮流模拟可视化与虚拟现实建模

潮流数值模拟的科学可视化与虚拟现实是海岸海洋科学研究重要的现代技术手段之一。首先从地理信息系统的角度对潮流数值模拟系统的数据模型进行了论述，提出了适合水文数值模拟的对象模型方法；其次探讨了空间流场的可视化技术，阐述了虚拟现实在潮流数值模拟中的作用；最后设计并实现了一个海岸海洋潮流模拟虚拟现实的原型软件系统VRO－cean,并在南黄海辐射沙洲等的潮流数值模拟试验中进行了实际对比检验。     

The assimilation of spectral sensing and the WOFOST model for the dynamic simulation of cadmium accumulation in rice tissues

The accurate detection of heavy metal-induced stress on crop growth is important for food security and agricultural, ecological and environmental protection. Spectral sensing offers an efficient and undamaged observation tool to monitor soil and vegetation contamination. This study proposed a methodology for dynamically estimating the total cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice tissues by assimilating spectral information into WOFOST (World Food Study) model. Based on the differences among ground hyperspectral data of rice in three experiments fields under different Cd concentration levels, the spectral indices MCARI1, NREP and RH were selected to reflect the rice stress condition and dry matter production of rice. With assimilating these sensitive spectral indices into the WOFOST + PROSPECT + SAIL model to optimize the Cd pollution stress factor f_wi, the dynamic dry matter production processes of rice were adjusted. Based on the relation between dry matter production and Cd accumulation, we dynamically simulating the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. The results showed that the method performed well in dynamically estimating the total amount of Cd accumulation in rice tissues with R² over 85%. This study suggests that the proposed method of integrating the spectral information and the crop growth model could successfully dynamically simulate the Cd accumulation in rice tissues.     

Forward simulation of gravity for crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe profile in eastern Tibetan plateau

The crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe geophysical profile in eastern Tibetan plateau is simulated with Bouguer anomaly corrected for sediments and lithosphere. The forward simulation shows that the thickness of upper crust in eastern Tibetan plateau is about 20 km, and the density is 2.78×103kg/m3. The bottom interface of middle crust changes from 30 km to 40 km, the density of middle crust is 2.89×103kg/m3. The materials with low density of 2.78 ×103kg/m3 exist in middle crust, and those with high density of 3.33 ×103kg/m3 exist at the bottom of middle crust between Wenquan and Tanggemu. The density is 3.10 ×103kg/m3 in lower crust. The shallowest depth of Moho interface is about 56 km, and the deepest one is about 74 km, the undulation of interface is large, the deep Moho is located in Xiachayu, Chayu, Nujiang, and Wenquan. The crustal density of eastern Tibetan plateau is larger than that of central section; the low velocity layers are located in middle crust and bottom in eastern Tibetan plateau and at the bottom of the upper crust in the central plateau.     

Application of unscented Kalman filter in satellite orbit simulation

A new estimate method is proposed, which takes advantage of the unscented transform method, thus the true mean and covariance are approximated more accurately. The new method can be applied to nonlinear systems without the linearization process necessary for the EKF, and it does not demand a Gaussian distribution of noise and what's more, its ease of implementation and more accurate estimation features enables it to demonstrate its good performance in the experiment of satellite orbit simulation. Numerical experiments show that the application of the unscented Kalman filter is more effective than the EKF.     

一种人群疏散模型的改进及轻量实现

针对传统人群疏散模拟中基于多智能体模型不能准确表达人群躲避行为和缺少轻量级实现形式的问题,该文提出了一种改进的BOIDS模型躲避规则算法并实现基于WEB形式的人群疏散模拟。先用线球相交方法设置智能体的定义区域;再用球球相交方法计算智能体与障碍物间的距离;最后实现了智能体躲避障碍物行为,并实现针对具体疏散区域空间特征的人群疏散模拟轻量级表示。实验结果表明:改进算法能够准确地表达智能体躲避障碍物时的行为习性,研究成果可为相关管理者进行应急疏散指挥工作的开展提供信息化服务。     

全站仪构建全局测量空间的精度仿真分析

针对在大尺寸测量空间内进行全局测量时,存在测量范围大、精度较难控制等一系列问题,文章对全站仪构建全局测量空间的方法进行了研究。基于误差传播定律和精度匹配的原则,通过Matlab编程对全站仪构建全局测量空间的精度进行了仿真分析,分别从平面精度与高程精度的匹配、点位总精度的分布规律以及边角精度的匹配三个方面,定量分析了精度受各观测要素影响的规律,并设计了简单可行的测量方案,对Matlab仿真分析的结论进行了验证。     

基于SWAT模型的细河流域土地利用/覆被变化对径流影响的研究

土地利用/覆被变化对细河流域的水文过程影响显著。为研究不同土地利用/覆被情景对流域水文要素的影响情况,本文构建了适用于细河流域的SWAT分布式水文模型,并拟算出不同情景下的流域多年平均月径流量、多年平均地表径流深度、多年平均蒸发量以及多年平均土壤侧流。模拟结果显示:当流域农林用地增加时,平均月径流量增加了8.40%;当建设用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了4.11%;当旱地及其他未利用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了1.93%。综上所述,细河流域农林用地变化对径流产量的影响相对最大,其增加导致径流量增加;旱地及其他未利用对径流产量的影响相对最小,建设用地和旱地及其他未利用地的增加导致径流量减少。     

Hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling for flood damage mitigation in Brahmani–Baitarani River Basin,India

Stream flow forecast and its inundation simulations prior to the event are an effective and non-structural method of flood damage mitigation. In this paper, a continuous simulation hydrological and hydrodynamic model was developed for stream flow forecast and for spatial inundation simulation in Brahmani–Baitarani river basin, India. The hydrologic modelling approach includes rainfall-run-off modelling, flow routing, calibration and validation of the model with the field discharge data. CARTOSAT Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution, land use/land cover derived from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) AWiFS and soil textural data of the study area were used in the modelling to compute topographic and hydraulic parameters. The hydrological model was calibrated with the help of field observed discharge data of 2006 and 2009 and validated with the data of 2008 and 2011. From the results, it is found that computed discharges are very well matching well with the observed discharges. The developed model can provide the stream flow forecast with more than 30 h lead time. Possible flood inundations were simulated using hydrodynamic modelling approach. CARTO Digital Elevation Model of 10 m resolution, landuse and the computed flood hydrographs were used in inundation simulations.