Application of grey numerical model to groundwater resource evaluation

Based on interval grey number theory, a grey numerical model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in two-dimensional porous-medium aquifer. The solution method proposed in this paper ensures the integrity and validity of the grey data transportation in the calculation processes. Because most of the parameters characterizing groundwater flow are of grey nature, a grey model can better describe the groundwater flow than the traditional white model. The method was applied to evaluate the sustainable groundwater resource in a groundwater basin of north China. The results from the case study help develop the most appropriate approaches to utilize the water resources in the area.     

系统工程在硐室围岩稳定系统分析中的应用

本文简要论述了系统工程的基本方法,并试图借助此法对水电硐室工程围岩稳定做以系统分析。文中,以华北某电站工程为例,采用模糊数学综合评判、弹性力学模型和有限元数值模拟,对该电站地下厂房围岩稳定性进行了最优化分析。结果表明,系统工程方法是围岩稳定分析的一种行之有效的方法。     

Equations for stress and displacement fields around pressurized elliptical holes in elastic solids

A mechanical model based upon elasticity theory for the deformation around a pressurized elliptical hole in an homogeneous, isotropic solid has found application in many areas of engineering, rock mechanics, and structural geology. The explicit equations for stress and displacement around such a hole are given. An apl computer program for calculating these stresses and displacements also is presented. These equations and this program should ease future usage of this model by engineers and geologists.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

人事管理工作中的计算机辅助决策

Fuzzy综合评判法已广泛地应用于自然科学与社会科学各部门。利用Fuzzy数学方法对专业技术职务进行综合评定,是人事工作向管理科学化迈进的一条途径。本文对这个问题作了一点初步探讨,并已设计出在IBM PC/XT计算机上实现的实用程序。该程序有着友好的用户介面,使用者无须具备计算机及程序设计语言方面的专门知识,它不仅可用于干部工作成绩考核,甚至对某件商品,某项科研成果的评价都是实用的。     

在定向生班进行因材施教初探

本文介绍了在定向生班和委培生班进行有关高等数学教学方面的教学经验;因材施材,教书育人和培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力等。     

基于模糊数学的GPS定位精度优化

提高C／A码GPS接收机的定位精度对导航具有重要意义。本文利用模糊数学知识分析对定位精度影响的因素，给出隶属度函数和定位精度评估函数。对其性质进行分析，最后给出最优解的计算方法。     

非平衡吸附模型在研究渗滤液对土壤污染影响中的应用

分析了有机污染物在土壤中的迁移转化机理，建立了非平衡吸附作用下渗滤液中有机污染物在土壤中迁移转化的动力学模型，给出了模型的数值解法，模拟出渗滤液在非平衡吸附作用下的污染过程；同时还探讨了模型参数降雨量p，垃圾土土层的厚度h，含水率θ等对有机污染物运移的影响。结果表明：在总的污染源一定的情况下，降雨量的增大和污染土层厚度的增大会使得下层土壤中有机物的浓度降低，为定量研究有机污染物在土壤-水环境系统中分配与归宿提供理论依据，同时也可为监测、治理和恢复地下水污染提供一定的科学根据。     

模糊综合评价方法在地下水水质评价中的应用

水质评价是一个多因素、多层次的模糊概念,对其进行综合评价也无法用一个绝对的标准来进行划分,如要用绝对的数据进行划分无法处理模糊边界的问题.本文应用模糊数学方法,并以西安市地下潜水为例,对其水质进行模糊综合评价.评价结果表明,模糊综合评价法是一种有效的评价方法.     

模糊数学在水资源价值评价中的应用

水资源价值是一个复杂的体系，主要由三方面要素构成，即：自然要素、经济因素、社会因素。以抚州市为例，选取水质、水资源量、人口密度、国民收入作为评价要素，采用二级模糊综合评价方法对该市水资源价值进行了评价，结果表明：该市水资源价值属于高的隶属度仅为48．61％。通过优化产业结构、扩大生产规模、提高用水效率和技术水平、加强环境保护与文化教育、合理控制人口等还可以较大幅度提高水资源价值。