县局预报平台设计

介绍了县级气象局预报平台的设计思路和基本框架。     

中尺度气象模式研究若干进展及其在区域业务预报中的应用

介绍了美国、英国和日本３个国家的中尺度模式研究和业务预报现状,指出了中尺度模式特有的问题和发展趋势,及其对我国中尺度模式研制的含义。     

暴雨云团的多尺度识别方法及其在临近预报中的应用

将一种暴雨云团的多尺度识别方法——层级聚类法,应用于β中尺度对流系统识别及临近预报中。该方法的基本思路是:将笛卡尔坐标下的雷达反射率因子进行聚类,得到比较详细的较小尺度的暴雨云团,然后设定阈值,将云团之间差异小于阈值的进行合并,可以得到较大尺度的云团,逐步放宽合并阈值,可得到更大尺度的云团。选取广州雷达2005年3月的飑线过程和温州2005年9月的台风过程对这种方法的识别结果进行了详细说明,结果表明:该方法能够识别不同系统的β中尺度对流云团,并能识别出其中反射率较强的γ中尺度云团,识别结果合理。采用这种方法识别不同尺度的暴雨云团,有利于跟踪、预报造成中国暴雨主要原因的β中尺度系统,也可兼顾β中尺度系统中的γ中尺度对流单体。根据预报时效的不同,可以选择不同的云团识别尺度。     

营口市高温天气气候特征及其预报

用营口市所管辖3个站1981～2000年的日最高气温资料，查找大于等于33℃高温个例，统计分析了高温当日的气象要素特征；根据近20年历史天气图等资料，系统总结了营口市高温的天气气候特征和高温出现的高空、低空及地面形势场特征。运用经验性预报方法，提取预报指标；结合各种数值预报产品，进行逐条检验是否符合条件，最后建立经验性预报模式。建立的大于等于33℃高温的预报方法，经近几年的检验，能够比较好地预测夏季高温天气。     

Comparison of nonlinear local Lyapunov vectors with bred vectors,random perturbations and ensemble transform Kalman filter strategies in a barotropic model

The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors(BVs) are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV) scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram–Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more components in analysis errors than the BVs.In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model.The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random perturbation(RP) technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version—the ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF)method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.     

人工神经元网络方法在沙尘暴短期预报中的应用

使用人工神经网络方法建立了我国沙尘暴短期预报模型 ,该神经网络模型的输入因子是几个物理量场REOF展开的一些时间系数 ,输出为我国有无沙尘暴。结果表明REOF展开技术和人工神经网络方法两种方法的结合对于预测沙尘暴是可行的。     

大气的可预报性与大气模式的设计

本文首先提出了设计数值天气预报模式的基本原则——模式大气的可预报性和实际大气的可预报性相一致。然后依据此原则讨论了目前在设计各种数值预报模式时存在的问题。     

Forecast Performance of the Pre-operational CMA-TRAMS (EPS) in South China During April - September 2020

The mesoscale ensemble prediction system based on the Tropical Regional Atmosphere Model for the South China Sea (CMA-TRAMS (EPS)) has been pre-operational since April 2020 at South China Regional Meteorological Center (SCRMC), which was developed by the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM). To better understand the performance of the CMA-TRAMS (EPS) and provide guidance to forecasters, we assess the performance of this system on both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts from April to September 2020 in this study through objective verification. Compared with the control (deterministic) forecasts, the ensemble mean of the CMATRAMS (EPS) shows advantages in most non-precipitation variables. In addition, the threat score indicates that the CMA-TRAMS (EPS) obviously improves light and heavy rainfall forecasts in terms of the probability-matched mean. Compared with the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts operational ensemble prediction system (ECMWF-EPS), the CMA-TRAMS (EPS) improves the probabilistic forecasts of light rainfall in terms of accuracy, reliability and discrimination, and this system also improves the heavy rainfall forecasts in terms of discrimination. Moreover, two typical heavy rainfall cases in south China during the pre-summer rainy season are investigated to visually demonstrate the deterministic and probabilistic forecasts, and the results of these two cases indicate the differences and advantages (deficiencies) of the two ensemble systems.     

控制镇江月平均气温变化的动力系统的重建及其预报应用

本文运用镇江月平均气温一维时间序列作相空间拓展，和假定相空间状态变量随时间的演化方程含有线性项和二次非线性项，利用最小二乘法求解各项系数，保留其大差贡献较大的项，重建动力系统．并用镇江月平均气温实测值作检验．结果表明，重建的动力方程对月平均气温的演变能作出较好的描写．     

安徽STYS建设和省台预报技术进步

简要介绍了安徽省气象台ＳＴＹＳ（省台业务系统）建设情况及其对省台业务预报技术进步的作用，详述了资料接收，处理，微机网络，预报决策及服务等主要系统的一些特点，总结省业务系统建设的几点体会