Bifurcation of Pacific North Equatorial Current at the surface

The grid altimetry data between 1993 and 2006 near the Philippines were analyzed by the method of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) to study the variation of bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current at the surface of the Pacific. The relatively short-term signals with periods of about 6 months, 4 months, 3 months and 2 months are found besides seasonal and interannual variations mentioned in previous studies. Local wind stress curl plays an important role in controlling variation of bifurcation latitude except in the interannual timescale. The bifurcation latitude is about 13.3°N in annual mean state and it lies at the northernmost position (14.0°N) in January, at the southernmost position (12.5°N) in July. The amplitude of variation of bifurcation latitude in a year is 1.5°, which can mainly be explained as the contributions of the signals with periods of about 1 year (1.2°) and 0.5 year (0.3°). Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411802), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40806012, 40876013), Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KLOCAW0803) and Scientific Research Foundation for Talent, Guangdong Ocean University (Grant No. E06118)     

用函数变换设计速度传感反馈地震计

短周期地震计主要用于观测地方性的微小地震,用速度传感器设计的反馈式短周期的地震计的工作参数稳定性不好,是国内外观测实践都证实了的问题。借鉴位移传感反馈地震计工作参数偏差较低的思路,介绍了通过采用函数变换方法设计速度传感反馈地震计的解决方案。用函数变换方法设计的速度传感反馈地震计,既实现了加大负反馈深度又不降低噪声指标的双重目标,有加深负反馈和由闭环反馈生成的闭环周期位于通带外的优点。即便是机械摆受到环境变化的影响或随时间推移而出现了漂移或老化,其对通带内的幅频特性的影响亦较小。由函数变换电路生成摆函数的工作周期及工作阻尼与机械摆的参数完全无关,仅取决于变换电路中的两个电阻和两个电容的精度。     

Territorial suitability assessment and function zoning in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area

An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.     

中国近50年严冬和冷夏演变趋势与区划

以中国９３个测站１９５３～１９９５年冬季平均最低气温（Ｔｍ）和夏季平均最高气温（ＴＭ）的长期变化趋势及年际、年代际变率特征为研究对象,利用旋转经验正交函数（ＲＥＯＦ）对冬季Ｔｍ和夏季ＴＭ进行客观区划,揭示了我国近半个世纪冷夏、严冬气候异常的变化规律,为进一步研究短期气候预测方法提供了依据     

健全测绘管理机构 发展我国测绘事业

省级测绘管理机构改革是目前测绘机构改革的热门话题,但管理机构的模式尚无定论,根据测绘管理机构的法定职能及未来测绘事业发展的需要,提出测绘管理机构拥有行政管理职能的法律依据,测绘管理机构的职能设置方案,及加强各级测绘管理机构的行政管理职能对测绘事业发展的重要意义。     

The crustal structure of Cuba derived from Receiver Function Analysis

Teleseismic waveforms recorded by thebroadband seismic stations of Cuba havebeen analysed using the receiver functionmethod. The thickness of the crust at sevensites on the island was found to be inagreement with previous studies. Theresults suggest a clear layering at somesites with a Moho depth ranging between 18and 31 km. In eastern Cuba, the seismicstations located in the south experiencethinner crust in comparison with stationslocated in the north, which is consistentwith a southward gradual thinning revealedby other studies. The thickest crust isfound at Cascorro (CCC) in the interiorpart of the island. The velocity modelscomputed from the receiver-functioninversion show an upper-mantle P-wavevelocity between 7.6 and 8.0 km/sec. Lowvelocity zones are visible at some sites.     

云南个旧锡矿山地质环境模型

文章以重金属元素为研究对象,在系统野外采样与分析工作的基础上,给出了云南个旧锡矿山的地质环境模型.影响环境的因素有:个旧原生矿床富含多金属硫化物,氧化后易生成酸;碳酸盐可以消耗硫化物氧化所产生的酸并可防止金属的迁移.矿山开发之前由矿床向环境释放的元素重量,Cu为1.21万吨、Pb为7.0万吨、Cd为101.91吨、As...     

构建以职业发展为导向的研究生培养模式

教育要以培养人和发展人为目的,研究生培养要以职业发展为导向,因此,从职业发展需要出发,树立以职业发展为导向的研究生培养理念,从知识体系、实践环节、论文类型等方面重构研究生培养模式,并转变研究生导师职能,是使我国研究生教育适应社会发展必备条件。     

利用BRDF原型和单方向反射率数据估算地表反照率

地表反照率是影响地表能量收支平衡的决定性参数之一,精确反演地表反照率需要考虑地表各向异性反射特征。本文尝试以双向反射分布函数BRDF原型为地表各向异性反射的先验知识,通过单方向反射率反演地表反照率。首先根据地面实测及MODIS多角度反射率数据对反演方法进行分析和精度评价,然后借助MODIS BRDF产品统计出研究区的主导BRDF原型,并联合环境一号卫星(HJ-1)单方向反射率数据反演30 m地表反照率,最终将结果与地表实测数据进行比较。结果表明:BRDF原型对BRDF的变化进行了约束,且能够适用于几十米尺度的遥感数据反照率的反演;不同级别的各向异性反射特征的分布是不均一的,借助于主导BRDF原型能够使大部分样本的地表反照率满足精度要求;利用研究区MODIS BRDF产品统计得到的主导BRDF原型为先验知识,通过HJ-1数据反演得到的地表反照率与地表实测反照率有较高的一致性,而朗伯假定条件下的反照率高于实测结果。本文算法简单高效,可为产生全国范围的中高分辨卫星反照率产品提供有价值的算法参考。     

潍坊人工沙滩海滩剖面演变特征及应用经验正交函数分析

对潍坊人工沙滩二期工程竣工后海滩实测地形剖面进行研究,应用经验正交函数(EOF)提取海滩2013年5月至2015年11月6次剖面监测数据中的前3个模态的空间特征函数和时间特征函数,分析竣工养护后海滩剖面的时空演变特征及海滩的平面变化特征。第一特征函数表示竣工后海滩的总体冲淤变化,受到东西两侧丁坝加长和中间T型坝修建的影响,剖面的侵蚀程度较一期工程明显减小;第二特征函数表示受地形和水动力作用影响,前滨带出现滩肩剖面和沙坝剖面的相互转化;第三特征函数反映风暴潮、人为因素等偶然因素的影响;从平面特征来看,人工沙滩中部、东部较西部侵蚀严重。可见,二期工程建设起到了优化的目的,大大改善了人工沙滩的侵蚀,但仍需要持续有规律的对海滩进行监测,进一步深化对人工养护沙滩建设和维护的认识。