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151.
Existing design procedures for determining the separation distance between adjacent buildings subjected to seismic pounding risk are based on approximations of the buildings' peak relative displacement. These procedures are characterized by unknown safety levels and thus are not suitable for use within a performance‐based earthquake engineering framework. This paper introduces an innovative reliability‐based methodology for the design of the separation distance between adjacent buildings. The proposed methodology, which is naturally integrated into modern performance‐based design procedures, provides the value of the separation distance corresponding to a target probability of pounding during the design life of the buildings. It recasts the inverse reliability problem of the determination of the design separation distance as a zero‐finding problem and involves the use of analytical techniques in order to evaluate the statistics of the dynamic response of the buildings. Both uncertainty in the seismic intensity and record‐to‐record variability are taken into account. The proposed methodology is applied to several different buildings modeled as linear elastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems, as well as SDOF nonlinear hysteretic systems. The design separation distances obtained are compared with the corresponding estimates that are based on several response combination rules suggested in the seismic design codes and in the literature. In contrast to current seismic code design procedures, the newly proposed methodology provides consistent safety levels for different building properties and different seismic hazard conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
152.
Magnetic separation has been recognized as an important property for the simple deployment of micro and sub‐microparticles into solution in the field of water treatment. Many materials with desirable properties for water decontamination are hindered due to the difficulty inherent in removing them from solution post‐treatment. By securing these materials to magnetic compounds, this important issue can be solved as removing active materials from wastewater requires only the application of a magnetic field. This review article presents and discusses many recent technologies, in the form of patents, which exploit the property of magnetic separation for advanced water treatment, including methods of adsorbing pollutants from wastewater and magnetically separating them, as well as methods of deploying active materials for the degradation of contaminants, then magnetically retrieving these catalysts. The requirement for advanced wastewater treatment methods becomes more essential as new, persistent contaminants arise as a result of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial processes which cannot be addressed by traditional water treatment procedures. Magnetic separation promises to be a critical factor in these advanced methods, allowing the safe deployment of active materials which would otherwise be unusable, opening the gate to more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly water purification. 相似文献
153.
The problem of separating gravitation from inertia is discussed in very general sense, and the conclusion is positive: man can separate gravitation from inertia, if various observation techniques are applied for. The accelerometer’s position problem in satellite gravimetry is investigated, and the additional acceleration effect due to the position error of an instrument as well as the difference between the mass center and the gravity center is explored. 相似文献
154.
稀土作为一种重要的不可再生资源,在各行业的应用正逐渐被人们所重视。色谱技术以其快速、高效、自动化程度高等优势已成为稀土元素分离分析的主要方法。文章总结了纸色谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、超临界色谱法、高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法等色谱法在稀土元素分离分析中的应用及研究概况。其中,纸色谱法因展开时间过长,分离效果不理想已很少应用;薄层色谱法因其操作方便、设备简单、显色容易等优点,可用于稀土元素分离分析的初步检测;气相色谱法由于对样品热稳定性的限制,以及因常用的β-二酮类稀土螯合物配体存在分辨率差和吸附等问题也很少应用;超临界色谱法在分离稀土元素络合物中分离效果较好,但是仪器难以普及,限制了技术的发展;高效液相色谱法因分离效率高、重复性好、自动化操作等优点已成为目前稀土元素分离分析的主要方法;毛细管电泳法具有高效、样品及试剂用量少、操作模式灵活等优点,在稀土元素分离分析方面更具有广阔的发展空间。 相似文献
155.
通过模型磁异常分解,结合功率谱分析及异常振幅计算场源深度并判断场源分布平面位置,表明小波多尺度分析在位场分离中的有效性.将该方法应用于北衙铁金矿区磁异常分析解释,通过功率谱分析估算了各阶细节及四阶逼近的场源深度,结合不同深度异常振幅推断了磁源空间展布关系特征.分析表明,区内北部和西部强磁异常主要由矿体引起,且矿体在中深部产状发生改变;而东部大范围磁异常区主要为二叠系玄武岩所致. 相似文献
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Chunyan Zhang Sidao Ni Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Mathematics Anhui University Hefei China Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy 《地震学报(英文版)》2011,(1):127-132
We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26,2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe.Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequency analysis suggest that the earthquake ruptured with a duration of around 500 s.This very long duration makes P wave overlap with later arrivals such as PP wave,which follows P in about 200 s.Since P waves are crucial for modeling earthquake processes,we propose an iterative method to separate... 相似文献
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