塔里木盆地地貌过程对绿洲形成演变的影响

第三纪末以来，天山、昆仑山强烈隆起使塔里木盆地相对下沉，山盆高差悬殊大，白山顶至盆地腹部地貌外力作用过程依次由冰川作用→冰缘作用→流水作用→干燥作用→冲→洪积作用→湖积作用→风沙作用过渡。在山区河谷平原、平原区冲积扇、冲积平原、湖积平原等地方形成条带状、串珠状、扇形状绿洲，绿洲平面几何形状与适宜绿洲形成与发展的地貌类型空间分布基本吻合。绿洲荒漠化和荒漠绿洲化与地貌过程的关系密切。纵观区内地貌过程发展趋势可预测，区内流水、风沙和人类活动三大地貌过程将有增无减，流水侵蚀与风蚀风积作用将对绿洲产生不良作用。山区流水侵蚀过程加强导致山麓地带绿洲山洪泥石流危害加重。平原河流下游地区流水作用减弱，风蚀风积过程加剧，由绿洲→荒漠演变，而人类活动可分建设作用与破坏作用两方面，前者可稳定绿洲乃至促进荒漠绿洲化而后者则导致绿洲荒漠化。因此，改善山区、山麓地带，特别是盆地南缘与塔河中、下游等重要地区地貌过程并防止绿洲荒漠化，是保障区域可持续发展的有效途径。     

塔里木河近期水量调配基本问题探讨

在塔里木河近期水量调配中，引入生态用水观念，从生态经济社会协调和全流程生态用水均衡目标出发，运用系统均衡理论，分析了塔里木河近期水量调配的目标、思路和技术途径，提出了流程纵横向均衡目标、水量配置定额的总量和结构相结合控制、生态用水下泄定额“扣除法”与“倒推法”处理，水量配置定额在时间序列上的分解等观点和方法。     

蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区金铜矿床时空分布特征及成矿作用

文章首次对蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区各类金、铜和铜—镍矿床(点)地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了系统总结，论证了金、铜和铜—镍成矿作用与古生代岩浆活动的关系，对区域地壳演化过程中金、铜和铜—镍成矿的动力学机制进行了深入讨论。研究结果表明，该区的金矿床(点)大体可划分为变质岩型、火山岩型、斑岩型和深成侵入岩型；铜矿床(点)有斑岩型、夕卡岩型和铜—镍硫化物型。金和铜矿床(点)大都沿古板块汇聚带分布，与海西期火成岩具密切的时空分布关系，它们是古板块对接碰撞期和碰撞期后大规模构造—岩浆活动的产物。     

川南S8滑坡体不稳定现象分析与防治

S8滑坡体后壁出露有新鲜滑动面，两侧呈双沟同源，坡体出现大量裂缝，前缘缓慢推移等，充分说明该滑坡体正处于不稳定状态。主要原因是：季节性洪水侵蚀滑坡体，前缘出现了临空面，使前缘支撑作用减弱；滑坡体内裂隙发育，裂隙水动力作用使滑动面抗滑能力降低；邻近采煤区造成的采动裂隙增加了水动力作用。该滑坡体裂隙丰富，保水性差，不利于植物生长；滑坡体边缘不断垮塌造成水土流失，沉积物淤塞下游河谷。防治措施有：在滑坡体后壁修筑排水沟，关闭邻近小煤窑，在前缘冲沟里构筑堡坎以减小水侵蚀作用；在冲沟里构筑拦砂埂，抬高沟底阻止切向侵蚀，以稳定滑坡体前缘。     

黄土滑坡临滑预报的应变控制方法

我国西北部地区黄土沉积巨厚，地质构造复杂，土体强度低，水敏感性强，各种类型的黄土滑坡广泛分布。黄土滑坡具有滑动规模大、滑动速度快、灾害损失严重等特点。黄土滑坡滑动时间预报，特别是临滑预报在地质灾害防治领域具重要意义。根据黄土力学性质试验与典型黄土滑坡变形分析研究结果，在对比分析黄土剪切应变特性与滑坡滑动破坏机制的基础上，论文提出了一种黄土滑坡临滑预报的应变控制方法。建立了中、浅层与厚层黄土滑坡的应变破坏标准。经多处滑坡实例验证，结果基本合理，可应用于黄土滑坡临滑预报。     

Efficiency of base isolation systems in structural seismic protection and energetic assessment

This paper concerns the seismic response of structures isolated at the base by means of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB). The analysis is performed by using a stochastic approach, and a Gaussian zero mean filtered non‐stationary stochastic process is used in order to model the seismic acceleration acting at the base of the structure. More precisely, the generalized Kanai–Tajimi model is adopted to describe the non‐stationary amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic motion. The hysteretic differential Bouc–Wen model (BWM) is adopted in order to take into account the non‐linear constitutive behaviour both of the base isolation device and of the structure. Moreover, the stochastic linearization method in the time domain is adopted to estimate the statistical moments of the non‐linear system response in the state space. The non‐linear differential equation of the response covariance matrix is then solved by using an iterative procedure which updates the coefficients of the equivalent linear system at each step and searches for the solution of the response covariance matrix equation. After the system response variance is estimated, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The final aim of the research is to assess the real capacity of base isolation devices in order to protect the structures from seismic actions, by avoiding a non‐linear response, with associated large plastic displacements and, therefore, by limiting related damage phenomena in structural and non‐structural elements. In order to attain this objective the stochastic response of a non‐linear n‐dof shear‐type base‐isolated building is analysed; the constitutive law both of the structure and of the base devices is described, as previously reported, by adopting the BWM and by using appropriate parameters for this model, able to suitably characterize an ordinary building and the base isolators considered in the study. The protection level offered to the structure by the base isolators is then assessed by evaluating the reduction both of the displacement response and the hysteretic dissipated energy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非活动大陆边缘的天然气水合物及其成藏过程述评

非活动陆缘是板块活动相对较弱的地区，也是水合物发育的有利地区。通过对世界各地非活动陆缘地区水合物富集情况的系统分析，发现断褶组合构造、底辟构造以及“麻坑”地貌（Pockmark)与水合物的关系密切。尽管模拟海底反射层（Bottom Simulating Reflector,简称BSR，下同）是最重要的水合物识别标志，但水合物与BSR之间并不存在严格的一一对应关系。非活动陆缘具有丰富的烃类物质来源和适宜的温压条件，而断裂－褶皱组合构造、垒堑式构造和底辟构造等则为烃类气体的运移、富集和成藏提供了有利的构造环境，便于最终形成水合物。非活动陆缘的深水区往往发育有多期叠合盆地，因其物源、温压、构造和沉积条件的内在关联性，常常形成深部石油、中部天然气、浅部水合物的“三位一体”烃类能源结构模式。     

Sliding fragility of block‐type non‐structural components. Part 1: Unrestrained components

Motivated by the development of performance‐based design guidelines with emphasis on both structural and non‐structural systems, this paper focuses on seismic vulnerability assessment of block‐type unrestrained non‐structural components under sliding response on the basis of seismic inputs specified by current seismic codes. Two sliding‐related failure modes are considered: excessive relative displacement and excessive absolute acceleration. It is shown that an upper bound for the absolute acceleration response can be assessed deterministically, for which a simple yet completely general equation is proposed. In contrast, fragility curves are proposed as an appropriate tool to evaluate the excessive relative displacement failure mode. Sample fragility curves developed through Monte‐Carlo simulations show that fragility estimates obtained without taking into account vertical base accelerations can be significantly unconservative, especially for relatively large values of the coefficient of friction. It is also found that reasonable estimates of relative displacement response at stories other than the ground in multistorey buildings cannot in general be obtained by simply scaling the ground acceleration to the peak acceleration at the corresponding storey. Failure modes considered in this study are found to be essentially independent of each other, a property that greatly simplifies assessment of conditional limit states. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative study of the inelastic response of base isolated buildings

This article presents a numeric comparative study of the inelastic structural response of base isolated buildings. The comparative study includes the following isolation systems: laminated rubber bearings, New Zealand one, pure friction and the frictional pendulum ones. The study is based on obtaining non‐linear response spectra for various design parameters using six earthquake records. Usually the base isolation of a new building seeks to maintain the structure in the linear elastic range. The response of old weak buildings or the response of new ones subjected to extreme earthquakes may not be, necessarily, in the aforementioned ideal elastic range. Consequently, it is important to characterize the response of isolated buildings responding inelastically. A conclusion from this research is that the isolators affect significantly the structural response of weak systems. Rubber isolators seem slightly less sensitive to plastification that may occur in the structure compared to friction isolators. Ductility demands in the structure are affected significantly by friction and neoprene protected systems, in particular sliding ones where larger demands are obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS空间过程建模系统初探

阐述了GIS空间过程和空间过程建模的概念，提出了空间过程建模系统的概念框架，分析了其功能需求和主要的支撑技术。