高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定钼矿石和镍矿石中的高含量硫

高频燃烧-红外吸收法用于分析矿石中低含量硫的测定结果较为准确,但对于高含量的硫,分析结果的准确度不高。本文采用高频燃烧-红外碳硫分析仪测定钼矿石和镍矿石中的高含量硫,选择纯铁屑和钨粒作助熔剂,高温燃烧分解样品,通过实验优化了样品称样量、助熔剂用量、仪器分析时间等测定条件。用国家标准物质进行验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=9)小于1%,加标回收率为96.0%～101.9%;与传统的硫酸钡重量法进行比对试验,测定值的相对误差小于2%。针对不同的矿石样品,研究了实际样品与标准物质的基体匹配问题,消除了基体效应的影响,对于钼矿石和镍矿石样品中含量在1%～35%范围内的硫,均能够准确测定,解决了钼矿石和镍矿石中高含量硫的快速、准确测定问题。     

Non-stationary response of structures excited by random seismic processes with time variable frequency content

Seismic random processes are characterized by high non-stationarity and, in most cases, by a marked variability of frequency content. The hypothesis modeling seismic signal as a simple product of a stationary signal and a deterministic modulation function, consequently, is hardly ever applicable. Several mathematical models aimed at expressing the recorded process by means of a system of stationary random processes and deterministic amplitude and frequency modulations are proposed. Models oriented into the frequency domain with subsequent response analysis based on integral spectral resolution and models oriented into the time domain based on the multicomponent resolution are investigated. The resolution into individual components (non-stationary signals) is carried out by three methods. The resolution into intrinsic mode functions seems to possess the best characteristics and yields results almost not differing from the results obtained by stochastic simulation. An example of the seismic response of an existing bridge obtained by two older models and three variants of multicomponent resolution is given.     

FAST无线式索力传感器节点的设计制作与测试

为适应FAST项目索网结构索单元应力测量的需求,设计并制作了一种以频率法测索力理论为基础的无线式索力传感器节点。首先阐明了FAST工程中使用无线式索力传感器的必要性和优势;其次给出了频率法测索力的理论依据;重点介绍了基于MMA7260加速度计芯片的无线式索力传感器节点的硬件及软件设计;最后对传感器进行了对照实验。实验结果表明:该无线式传感器能准确拾取钢索振动信号,索内应力与一阶振动频率的一致性较好,为FAST日后施工过程的索力测量积累了经验。     

Observed dynamic soil–structure interaction in scale testing of offshore wind turbine foundations

Monopile foundations have been commonly used to support offshore wind turbine generators (WTGs), but this type of foundation encounters economic and technical limitations for larger WTGs in water depths exceeding 30 m. Offshore wind farm projects are increasingly turning to alternative multipod foundations (for example tetrapod, jacket and tripods) supported on shallow foundations to reduce the environmental effects of piling noise. However the characteristics of these foundations under dynamic loading or long term cyclic wind turbine loading are not fully understood. This paper summarises the results from a series of small scaled tests (1:100, 1:150 and 1:200) of a complete National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine model on three types of foundations: monopiles, symmetric tetrapod and asymmetric tripod. The test bed used consists of either kaolin clay or sand and up to 1.4 million loading cycles were applied. The results showed that the multipod foundations (symmetric or asymmetric) exhibit two closely spaced natural frequencies corresponding to the rocking modes of vibration in two principle axes. Furthermore, the corresponding two spectral peaks change with repeated cycles of loading and they converge for symmetric tetrapods but not for asymmetric tripods. From the fatigue design point of view, the two spectral peaks for multipod foundations broaden the range of frequencies that can be excited by the broadband nature of the environmental loading (wind and wave) thereby impacting the extent of motions. Thus the system lifespan (number of cycles to failure) may effectively increase for symmetric foundations as the two peaks will tend to converge. However, for asymmetric foundations the system life may continue to be affected adversely as the two peaks will not converge. In this sense, designers should prefer symmetric foundations to asymmetric foundations.     

地震、测井和地质数据融合与实现

厚覆盖区地下地质模型所依靠的数据主要是地震和测井资料,但地震数据反映范围广而分辨率低,测井数据则分辨率高而反映范围小,如何有效地将两者组合利用,克服各自不足是论证的重点,说明了用数据树的形式组织所有井与地震地质等数据,并能同时生成和编辑多口井的合成地震记录,来确定不同井的深时关系,为把不同域的地震数据和测井数据融合显示建立基础,提供了实时修改子波的频率和相位来做合成记录的功能,也有反射系数与子波的分布褶积等最新的方法,以慢镜头的形式说明合成记录的形成过程。这些功能的应用,给用户确定正确的地下速度场提供了先进的手段,为地质模型建立提供了先进的方法。     

Consistent transmitting boundary conditions with a reduced number of eigenmodes for wave propagation in elastic media

The consistent transmitting boundary condition is a powerful numerical technique for frequency domain analysis of wave problems in unbounded elastic media. A second-order complex-valued eigen-problem is associated with this method and the computed eigenmodes are used to formulate the nodal forces acting on the lateral boundaries of a Cartesian computational domain. Usually, all eigenmodes are computed and used in the consistent transmitting boundary conditions to simulate the infinite extent of the elastic medium. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by selecting a reduced number of relevant eigenmodes it is possible to produce similar results and consequently reduce the overall computational cost. This is highly desirable for soil–structure interaction problems involving wide ranges of frequencies and large-size domains with many sub-layers. The efficiency of the proposed approach is investigated by considering, first, the case of foundation vibration over rigid bedrock and, second, the effectiveness of a wave barrier to reduce the transmitted vibrations caused by a surface harmonic loading.     

珠江黄埔大桥模态频率连续监测中的温度影响Ⅰ:频率识别

为研究环境温度对珠江黄埔大桥频率监测的影响,首先要对大桥模态频率进行连续识别。珠江黄埔大桥上架设的监测系统为强震动台阵,相较于其他健康监测系统测点较少,因此,应基于强震动台阵系统的特点,选取合适的方法对大桥频率进行识别。本文通过对比分析平均正则化功率谱法(ANPSD)、频域分解法(FDD)和协方差驱动的随机子空间法(Cov-SSI)的识别结果,择优应用于珠江黄埔大桥的频率自动识别中。采用珠江黄埔大桥强震动台阵记录的2013年4月至11月加速度响应数据进行频率识别,识别结果可用于观测和研究大桥频率在环境影响下的波动情况。     

钻孔倾斜仪高频实验观测数据的初步分析

利用测震数采器对昌平台CZB钻孔倾斜仪开展了100次/秒的高频采集实验,记录到了可靠的观测资料,其中蕴含的地震信息也更加丰富。同时利用十三陵台测震资料与昌平台钻孔倾斜高频观测资料进行对比分析,结果表明:两种仪器都记录到了地震波响应,但由于频响特性差异,钻孔倾斜仪记录的地震波所对应的P波震相较弱;通过频谱分析估计钻孔倾斜仪的频响偏低频,其频率上限大致在0.1Hz以内;对于一个近地震事件,钻孔倾斜仪的响应表现出与测震仪完全不一样的形态,其低频响应明显优于高频响应;对于远震,随着震中距的增加,两者响应特性逐渐趋于一致。     

补偿向下延拓方法研究及应用

位场向下延拓是重、磁处理和解释的常用方法,但其不稳定性限制了其在资料处理及反演中的应用.本文基于补偿圆滑滤波思想以及空间域向下延拓迭代法,通过逐次补偿的办法实现位场的稳定向下延拓.同时,在频率域空间给出了该下延方法的频率域响应因子,并讨论了其低通滤波特性,理论模型和实际位场资料试验表明该方法向下延拓稳定性具有较高的延拓精度.将其应用于重力密度界面反演中,改进反演的稳定性,实际莫霍界面反演表明下延因子具备实用性.     

太阳和月球射电辐射对40m天线数据接收影响分析

利用标准射电源和标准噪声源,对宁静太阳和月球射电辐射的噪声温度进行了测量,估计它们对40m天线接收绕月卫星信号的影响,结论是:(1)40m天线指向偏离太阳超过2°时,能够满足正常数据接收要求;(2)40m天线指向月球时,系统接收的噪声温度增加值为87.1K, 此时系统的总噪声温度能够满足正常数据接收要求.