基于电测法的路基土物理性质室内测试方法研究

路基土在长期服役过程中性能会发生衰变,其中含水率及压实度是路基施工时的重要控制指标,因此,土体的含水率控制及压实质量是关系路基性能评价的关键因素。为了弥补现有检测方法的不足,基于四极电测量法研发了一种土体物理参数室内快速测试装置,通过改变含水率对不同压实度土样的电阻率、极化率变化进行了一系列室内试验,得到了其相关关系及变化趋势,分析了含水率、压实度对电参数的影响,提出了依据土含水率、压实度计算电阻率、极化率的计算公式,探讨了测试方法的可行性。结果表明:不同地区土的电阻率均随含水率、压实度增加而减小,极化率随含水率、压实度的增加而增大,不同压实度下,土的电阻率、极化率随含水率变化分别呈现相似指数、对数特征;对于天津王庆坨地区壤土,压实度在84. 47%~94. 41%范围内,含水率从15%变化至20%时,电阻率下降为原来的1/3~1/2倍,极化率增大为原来的1. 4~2. 3倍,得到了室内拟合公式;实际工程中,电阻率法更适用于土体含水率检测,极化率法更适用于土体压实度检测;综合应用电阻率、极化率指标对于路基工程具有较好的勘探前景。研究成果将为路基土的工程性质检测及评价提供理论基础。     

不同温压条件下泥质粉砂岩二氧化碳突破压的试验研究

CO2突破压是CO2地质封存盖层密封性和安全性评价的关键指标之一,盖层CO2突破压试验技术也是评价盖层密封性的关键技术之一。国内外学者已经对不同盖层岩样的CO2突破压开展了较为系统的试验研究,但还未对不同温度和压力条件下的CO2突破压变化规律进行研究。在调研现有CO2突破压试验方法和设备的基础上,研制了集成分步法、连续法、脉冲法和驱替法等多种突破压测量方法的CO2突破压试验装置,具有广泛的适用范围。采用该试验装置对四川盆地内须家河组泥质粉砂岩薄弱盖层开展了突破压试验研究,研究40～70 ℃和10～30 MPa温压范围内超临界CO2突破压的变化规律。试验拟合结果显示：在所研究的温压范围内,CO2突破压随CO2压力升高而降低;随CO2温度上升而上升。试验结果与基于表面张力的理论结果趋势吻合较好,但存在一定的差异;两者之间的差异可能是受CO2-水接触角变化、砂岩孔隙结构非均质性以及试验方法的影响。     

多次各向异性散射模式对S波能量密度包络曲线的影响

在多次各向异性散射理论的基础上,本文重新推导了方向性散射系数的球函数展开式.引入特征时间的概念,来定义震源处初始地震波脉冲宽度,并在地震波能量密度积分方程中引入任意给定频率的初始脉冲能量谱密度的解析表达.通过离散波数方法求解了修正的地震波能量密度积分方程.基于积分方程的数值解,研究了不同散射模式对S波能量密度包络曲线的影响.计算结果表明:随着震源距的增加,在S波到时之后,多次各向异性散射模式与多次各向同性散射模式合成的能量密度包络差异逐渐增大.其中通过多次前散射模式,我们可以得到不同震源距的尾波能量密度包络的同一衰减趋势,以及S波能量密度包络随着震源距的增加而出现的展宽现象.最后,利用美国内华达州Wells地震余震的台站记录验证了多次前散射模式的实用性与有效性.     

A comparison of material damping measurements in resonant column using the steady-state and free-vibration decay methods

The study reports results associated with the small to medium strain range material damping of quartz sand. The experiments were conducted in a fixed-free type resonant column and the samples were subjected to torsional mode of vibration at their first natural frequency. A comparison between the derived damping values using two different methods is presented: the steady-state vibration method (SSV) and the free-vibration decay method (FVD). Within the scatter of the data the two different methods in measuring material damping provided comparable results with a scatter, in most cases, of less than ±15% for the working strain range of the resonant column method. The damping values derived from the FVD and SSV methods were also compared with proposed models in the literature by means of stiffness degradation–damping increase correlation.     

海湾型半城市化地区空间形态演化模拟

元胞自动机（CA）是模拟城市土地利用演变过程的有效工具,转换规则和元胞邻域是元胞模型的核心。综合考虑元胞邻域的距离衰减效应,基于模拟退火算法（SA）挖掘最优的转换规则,文章构建了一种考虑邻域衰减的城市演化模型（SA-NDCA）。模型以负幂指数函数作为元胞邻域的衰减曲线表示元胞邻域的距离衰减效应;运用模拟退火优化算法计算城市CA模型模拟结果与样本点的累积差异,在目标解空间快速搜索以提取最优的转换规则;最后以厦门市半城市化地区为研究案例,模拟了研究区域1995―2010年期间的城市空间形态演化,通过混淆矩阵和Kappa系数评价了模型的模拟精度,1995―2010年期间的建设用地模拟精度为68.5%,总体精度达到86.2%,Kappa系数达到66.3,取得了较好的模拟效果。利用提出的SA-NDCA模型,成功模拟了研究区2010―2020年期间的城市空间形态演化,结果显示,所预测的演化情景与中国当前实施的新型城镇化战略十分契合。     

Influence of Intraseasonal Oscillation on the Asymmetric Decays of El Ni?o and La Ni?a

Warm and cold phases of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibit a significant asymmetry in their decay speed. To explore the physical mechanism responsible for this asymmetric decay speed, the asymmetric features of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation over the tropical Western Pacific (WP) in El Nino and La Nina mature-to-decay phases are analyzed. It is found that the interannual standard deviations of outgoing longwave radiation and 850 hPa zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial WP during El Nino (La Nina) mature-to-decay phases are much stronger (weaker) than the intraseasonal standard deviations. It seems that the weakened (enhanced) intraseasonal oscillation during El Nino (La Nina) tends to favor a stronger (weaker) interannual variation of the atmospheric wind, resulting in asymmetric equatorial WP zonal wind anomalies in El Nino and La Nina decay phases. Numerical experiments demonstrate that such asymmetric zonal wind stress anomalies during El Nino and La Nina decay phases can lead to an asymmetric decay speed of SST anomalies in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific through stimulating di erent equatorial Kelvin waves. The largest negative anomaly over the Nino3 region caused by the zonal wind stress anomalies during El Nino can be threefold greater than the positive Nino3 SSTA anomalies during La Nina, indicating that the stronger zonal wind stress anomalies over the equatorial WP play an important role in the faster decay speed during El Nino.     

川西山区低频泥石流形成条件分析——以九寨沟县香扎沟泥石流为例

近年来川西山区屡次暴发低频泥石流灾害,造成大量生命财产损失,危害性较大.通过对九寨沟县香扎沟泥石流进行深入调查、访问,分析了沟域地形地貌特征以及泥石流物质组成和暴发特征,揭示了泥石流的物质大多源于沟床启动,且与早年林木采伐、木材腐朽密切相关.另外,集中强降雨及陡峻的地形也是泥石流形成的有利条件.通过对比中、高频泥石流,提出低频泥石流具有隐蔽性、突发性、危害大的特点.川西山区有过采伐史且具备相应地形条件的沟域,应作为低频泥石流灾害的重点调查研究和防治对象.     

A fuzzy approach to classify physico-mechanical rock property with varying pH of the surrounding medium

The information on the soundness of rock is very important for enduring safety and stability of miming, marine and civil structures. The present paper mainly deals with a fuzzy approach to determine the effect of acidic watery environment on the rock strength of the sandstone rock sample. Fuzzy inference system developed here intelligently predicts the competency of the rock, based on experimental data used for the model development. The approach used would be able to predict the relative rock strength at any range of acidic to basic watery environment for any geotechnical investigation or application to achieve long-term durability.     

南海北部陆坡区多次波组合压制技术

南海北部陆坡区大部分为深水崎岖海底地貌,各种类型多次波十分发育,多次波的辨识和压制历来是该区地震资料处理的难点和重点。选取适合的多次波压制技术方法是获得高质量成像地震剖面的关键。通过对东西向排列的三条测线原始资料中多次波的发育情况研究,分析了该区多种类型多次波的特点,组合应用τ?p域预测反褶积、自由表面多次波衰减( SRME)、高精度Radon变换和分频能量衰减法,对各种多次波进行有效压制,使叠加效果和质量明显得到改善,中、深层反射波组特征清楚,易于辨识和解释。     

瞬变电磁法仪器研制中的噪声抑制问题

归纳了瞬变电磁法仪器研制中所涉及的几种主要干扰类型。针对各类噪声的特点,分析了50Hz工频电噪声、本机噪声及高值噪声的抑制方法。特别指出了适度性原则下,采样率、观测时间及衰减窗口的匹配关系。