控制岩体活动的地质因素分析

本文对控制岩体活动的地质因素—岩性、岩体结构、结构面、地应力和水文地质条件等进行了分析。岩性、岩体结构是产生岩体活动的内因。本文将岩体结构划分为六种类型,即整体结构、块状结构、层状结构、碎裂结构、镶嵌结构和散体结构。并对控制岩体稳定性的结构面进行了研究和分类,指出不同结构面对岩体活动的具体影响。通过各种控制岩体活动的地质因素分析,掌握岩体活动规律,对予防灾害性岩体活动,防患于未然有实际意义。     

航磁ΔT平面归一化总梯度方法及其在内蒙陆西凹陷的应用

本文首次提出将剖面归一化总梯度方法推广到平面加以应用,得到平面归一化总梯度方法,并根据剖面归一化总梯度的计算公式相应地推导了平面归一化总梯度的计算公式,将其应用到内蒙陆西凹陷探测油气田,取得了一定的地质效果。     

Applications of seismic moment tensor inversion in fast response to earthquakes

IntroductionAfteramoderateorstronger(Ms25.0)earthquake,themosturgentworkofthedivisionforearthquakemonitoringandpredictionistodetermineitstimeoforigin,hypocentrallocation(longitude,latitudeanddepth)andmagnitudeandtojudgethetrendofseismicregimedevelopmentassoonaspossible.Ingeneralcases,whenanearthquakewithMS25.0insideChinaoraonewithMS26.0inneighboringareasofChinahasoccurred,theEarthquakeBulletinofChineseSeismologicalNetworkcanprovidedeterminationoftheorigintime,hypocentrallocation(longitude,…     

同向圆射流混合特性实验研究

利用声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry,ADV)自动测速系统和平面激光诱导荧光(Plane Laser Induced Florescence,PLIF)系统对同向圆射流的速度场和浓度场进行了系统的研究,并与前人的工作进行了比较和讨论。时均特性测量结果表明,射流主体段下游各断面的速度和浓度横向分布是自相似的,且近似可用高斯分布来表示;随着射流向下游传播,射流中心流速逐渐衰减,在强射流区和弱射流区遵循不同的规律;紊动特性测量结果表明,下游各断面的紊动强度横向分布是自相似的。     

一种根据曲率变化检校畸变差的方法

提出了基于曲率变化的畸变差检校方法。首先对影像上提取的直线进行二分，根据重新匹配出的直线可确定实际物方直线在影像上的投影因镜头畸变而产生弯曲的程度，以此可对镜头的畸变进行检校。但对于镜头畸变较大的情况二分直线无法检测出实际曲线的弯曲程度，因此，需要对所有共线的直线进行分组，由每组直线来确定实际曲线的弯曲程度，检校镜头畸变，从而消除其对影像的影响。实验证明，通过这种方法对镜头畸变进行检校，能够得到较好的结果。     

东南沿海地区的断裂与地震

中国东部,相对来说东南沿海地区的地震活动较为频繁,断裂构造也十分发育。地震活动与断裂构造有非常密切的关系,震中与断裂构造的空间分布也关系密切。通过对东南沿海大量震例的调查和研究,分析三组断裂与地震的关系,得出东南沿海地区东西向、北东向和北西向的三组断裂构造,分别构成了区内的衰减构造、控震构造和发震构造,形成了东南沿海陆缘构造活动带。     

Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical hill for incident plane SV waves： Analytical solution

Introduction Scattering of incident waves by local topographies is one of the most attractive topics in the field of engineering seismology. They can be resolved by either a numerical method or an analyti-cal method. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. Al-though numerical methods can be used for arbitrary-shaped topographies, the analytical solutions are still …     

Can Damage Mechanics Explain Temporal Scaling Laws in Brittle Fracture and Seismicity?

Time delays associated with processes leading to a failure or stress relaxation in materials and earthquakes are studied in terms of continuum damage mechanics. Damage mechanics is a quasi-empirical approach that describes inelastic irreversible phenomena in the deformation of solids. When a rock sample is loaded, there is generally a time delay before the rock fails. This period is characterized by the occurrence and coalescence of microcracks which radiate acoustic signals of broad amplitudes. These acoustic emission events have been shown to exhibit power-law scaling as they increase in intensity prior to a rupture. In case of seismogenic processes in the Earth's brittle crust, all earthquakes are followed by an aftershock sequence. A universal feature of aftershocks is that their rate decays in time according to the modified Omori's law, a power-law decay. In this paper a model of continuum damage mechanics in which damage (microcracking) starts to develop when the applied stress exceeds a prescribed yield stress (a material parameter) is introduced to explain both laboratory experiments and systematic temporal variations in seismicity.     

2005年10月巴基斯坦MW7.6地震对余震的触发研究

本文研究分析了2005年10月8日巴基斯坦主震产生的库仑破裂应力变化对余震的影响。计算时考虑了以下因素：（1）断层泥区域的孔隙流体压力和介质弹性常数与周围介质中的不同；（2）地震震源区的构造应力场方向；（3）将震源区构造应力和主震破裂产生的应力叠加计算得到余震破裂机制。该研究考虑了多种因素，计算结果与余震的分布比较吻合。结果表明2005年10月8日巴基斯坦主震对大部分余震有触发作用。     

Aggregate production: Fines generation during rock crushing

The energy required to crush rocks is proportional to the amount of new surface area that is created; hence, a very important percentage of the energy consumed to produce construction aggregates is spent in producing non-commercial fines. Data gathered during visits to quarries, an extensive survey and laboratory experiments are used to explore the role of mineralogy and fracture mode in fines production during the crushing of single aggregates and aggregates within granular packs. Results show that particle-level loading conditions determine the failure mode, resulting particle shape and fines generation. Point loading (both single particles and grains in loose packings) produces clean fractures and a small percentage of fines. In choked operations, high inter-particle coordination controls particle-level loading conditions, causes micro-fractures on new aggregate faces and generates a large amount of fines. The generation of fines increases when shear is imposed during crushing. Aggregates produced in current crushing operations show the effects of multiple loading conditions and fracture modes. Results support the producers' empirical observations that the desired cubicity of aggregates is obtained at the expense of increased fines generation when standard equipment is used.