Magmatism of Kunashir island (Kuril island arc) from aerogeophysical evidence

The existence of a lateral volcanic zoning in the Kuril island arc (KIA) was confirmed by the analysis of the 1: 50 000 scale maps of the abundances of natural radioactive elements (NRE). Trends of the NRE ratios were calculated for the magmatic complexes of the KIA, and their relation to fluidization processes was proved. Based on aerogeophysical data (maps of NRE ratios and the magnetic field), the main cyclic sequence of the formation of active volcanoes and magmatism was distinguished. Multicyclic volcanoes related to mantle sources usually show the predominance of calc-alkaline volcanic complexes, the occurrence of magnetite precipitation processes, and weak development of metasomatic aureoles. Other volcanoes connected to crustal sources are characterized by the development of calcic complexes and extensive hydrothermal-metasomatic systems.     

磷灰石结晶法降低天然水体中磷浓度Ⅱ．反应物浓度及其他影响条件试验

在磷灰石、钙、氟的共同作用下，可以使水体中的磷浓度显著降低。以此为基础，在含磷水溶液中调节反应物（磷灰石、钙、氟）浓度，通过监测水溶液中磷浓度的变化，探讨了加入物浓度对降磷效果的影响，初步确定了适合的反应物加入量，并试验了其他因素如震荡作用和催化剂对降磷的影响。最后探讨了固化沉淀的反应速率。     

以合成雪硅钙石为晶种回收废水中的磷

以合成雪硅钙石为晶种,探索了用结晶法以磷酸钙形式回收废水中磷的适宜条件。结果表明,在实验水质条件下,模拟废水pH=8、n(Ca)/n(P)=2、晶种用量大于1.6g/L、振荡24h后溶液中残留磷可达到国家污水综合排放标准一级(0.5mg/L)以下;在优化条件下证实了合成雪硅钙石的供碱能力,循环利用18次,回收磷的效果仍然很好。运用XRD、FTIR、SEM和EDS等测试手段对在实验条件下重复使用18次的雪硅钙石进行了表征,证明回收的磷主要以结晶度不高的羟基磷灰石形态存在。     

峨眉山大火成岩省晚期酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学特征

峨眉山大火成岩省出露有少量酸性火山岩,它们与基性火山岩共生,表现出双峰式的特征,为研究峨眉山地幔柱晚期岩浆活动提供了重要的窗口。本文通过对双峰式火山岩主、微量元素和斑晶电子探针分析研究表明,基性火山岩属于碱性玄武岩,酸性火山岩主要由粗面岩组成;相对玄武岩,粗面岩中MgO、Fe2O3、P2O5、TiO2、CaO含量明显降低;粗面岩与玄武岩具有相互平行的REE配分模式,但粗面岩出现明显的Eu负异常,以及Sr、Ti等元素的强烈亏损;粗面岩与玄武岩具有同源的特征,通过稀土元素模拟计算表明粗面岩可以由玄武质岩浆经过80%分离结晶作用(辉石、斜长石和Fe-Ti氧化物)而形成。在峨眉山大火成岩省晚期出现双峰式火山岩,可能与地幔柱活动晚期岩浆供给少,在地壳岩浆房中停留时间长,岩浆发生强烈分离结晶作用有关。     

FRACTIONAL TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENT MIXTURES

A new method based on the Transport Capacity Fraction (TCF) concept is proposed to compute the fractional transport rates for nonuniform sediment mixtures in sand-bed channels. The TCF concept is derived from the understanding that the measurements and predictions of bed-material load are more accurate and reliable than the measurements and predictions of fractional loads. First the bed-material load is computed using an appropriate equation, then the fractional transport rates are determined by distributing the bed-material load into size groups through a transport capacity distribution function. For the computation of bed-material loads, the Ackers and White, Engelund and Hansen, and Yang equations are used in this study. Two new transport capacity distribution functions are developed for flows in sand-bed channels. The new expressions presented in this paper account for the sheltering and exposure effects that exist in mixtures. Comparisons with measured data show that the proposed method can signifi     

岩石学混合计算在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用——以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例

公式CLi=F为岩浆结晶分异过程中的微量元素地球化学模型,但如何确定式中残余熔体的重量百分比(F)和熔体中分离出来的矿物相的总分配系数(Di)一直是个难题。本文介绍了一种直接计算出残余熔体比例(F)和岩浆结晶矿物比例(以此计算出Di)的方法———岩石学混合计算法的基本原理,以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例,介绍了该方法在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用。(Di-1)iC0,L     

植被覆盖率的遥感研究进展

综述了应用遥感技术估算植被覆盖率的方法,分析了各种方法的优缺点,探讨了植被覆盖率估算中的几个影响因素,给出了未来研究植被覆盖率的新方向。     

滦平球状闪长岩岩相学特征和球状构造成因探讨

文章对滦平球状闪长岩作了详细的岩相学研究，并据此提出岩体中球状构造的形成机理。根据球核的不同，可将球分为三种类型，包括以同源岩浆组分为核的球、以异源捕虏体为核的球和没有明显壳层结构的球。球中壳层一方面表现为基本不含角闪石的浅色层和含有一定角闪石的暗色层交替发育的矿物组成韵律，另一方面表现为斑状半自形一它形斜长石梳状层与细粒半自形一自形斜长石层互层的矿物结构韵律。球中斑状斜长石显示清晰的格子双晶，而主岩和基质中的斜长石则为聚片双晶。研究表明，所描述的球状构造是通过岩浆同化捕虏体和岩浆结晶综合作用形成的。球壳的矿物组成韵律和矿物结构韵律受岩浆中水含量变化的控制。     

Cumulate and Cumulative Granites and Associated Rocks

Abstract. Processes that move crystals relative to melt, that is crystal fractionation, are of major importance in producing variations that are observed within cogenetic suites of granites. In low‐temperature granite suites, crystal fractionation initially involves the progressive separation of crystals residual from partial melting from that partial melt. Once separation of those crystals, or restite, has been completed, further fractionation may occur through the separation of crystals that had precipitated from the melt, the process known as fractional crystallization. High‐temperature granite magmas are largely or completely molten and elements such as Ca, Mg and Fe, and their associated minor elements, are in that case dissolved in the melt. Such magmas, particularly those that are more potassic and hence contain a higher fraction of low temperature melt, may evolve compositionally through fractional crystallization. Cumulate rocks result, comprising a framework of cumulus minerals with interstitial melt. In this process some of the melt is also displaced to form more felsic rocks. Such cumulate rocks may have distinctive chemical compositions, but that is often not the case. Distinctive features include SiC>2 contents near or below 50 % in rocks that are transitional in the field to more felsic granites, very high Cr and Ni, very low K, P, Ba, Rb and Zr, and anomalous abundances of the anorthite components Ca and Al. These rocks may also have positive Eu anomalies. Cumulate rocks do not necessarily have distinctive textures, at least as such features are understood at this time. Fractional crystallization can also involve the movement of precipitated crystals relative to melt. We refer to rocks as cumulative when formed from the fractions in which the abundance of crystals has increased. The production of cumulative granites typically occurs at more felsic melt compositions than is the case for cumulate granites, and this process may have its greatest significance in the fractional crystallization of the felsic haplogranites. Relative to felsic granites of broadly similar compositions lying on a liquid line of descent, cumulative granites contain more Ca, reflecting the addition from elsewhere of plagioclase crystals with solidus compositions. The abundances of Sr and Ba may be high to very high, and sometimes there are positive Eu anomalies. Cumulative I‐type granites may have low abundances of Y and the heavy REE, while the S‐type granites can be very distinctive with anomalously high abundances of Th and the heavy REE resulting from the concentrating of monazite. Generally, but not always, those who propose fractional crystallization as a mechanism for producing compositional variation within a suite of granites do not state whether the rocks in that particular case are thought to lie on a liquid line of descent or are cumulates/cumulative, although it is generally presumed that they were melts. Our experiences in eastern Australia have shown that the mechanism of fractional crystallization was quantitatively not as important during granite evolution as many workers would expect. However, there are some excellent examples of that process, most notably the Boggy Plain Supersuite. Overall in eastern Australia, varying degrees of separation of restite is a much more common mode of crystal fractionation, and that may also be seen to be the case for some other granite provinces if they are examined with that possibility in mind.     

分形图形生成的一种新方法

本文提出分形图形生成的一种新方法。采用分数维布朗运动来合成分形图形,分数维布朗运动用一种新的方法──递归空间滤波来获得。由分数维布朗运动的功率谱确定其二维成形滤波器的频率响应,然后采用以一维原形滤波器加旋转变换的方法来设计具有圆对称和指数衰减频率响应的成形滤波器。用成形滤波器对高斯分布的白色过程滤波,便可以得到具有期望分数维的布朗运动分形图形。