Parallel computing solutions for Markov chain spatial sequential simulation of categorical fields

The Markov chain random field (MCRF) model is a spatial statistical approach for modeling categorical spatial variables in multiple dimensions. However, this approach tends to be computationally costly when dealing with large data sets because of its sequential simulation processes. Therefore, improving its computational efficiency is necessary in order to run this model on larger sizes of spatial data. In this study, we suggested four parallel computing solutions by using both central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) for executing the sequential simulation algorithm of the MCRF model, and compared them with the nonparallel computing solution on computation time spent for a land cover post-classification. The four parallel computing solutions are: (1) multicore processor parallel computing (MP), (2) parallel computing by GPU-accelerated nearest neighbor searching (GNNS), (3) MP with GPU-accelerated nearest neighbor searching (MP-GNNS), and (4) parallel computing by GPU-accelerated approximation and GPU-accelerated nearest neighbor searching (GA-GNNS). Experimental results indicated that all of the four parallel computing solutions are at least 1.8× faster than the nonparallel solution. Particularly, the GA-GNNS solution with 512 threads per block is around 83× faster than the nonparallel solution when conducting a land cover post-classification with a remotely sensed image of 1000?×?1000 pixels.     

A wave-flume study of scour at a pile breakwater: Solitary waves

Understanding the sediment transport and the resulting scour around coastal structures such as pile breakwaters under local extreme wave conditions is important for the foundation safety of various coastal structures. This study reports a wave-flume experiment investigating the scour induced by solitary waves at a pile breakwater, which consists of a row of closely spaced large piles. A wave blacking gate with a simple operation procedure in the experiment was designed to eliminate possible multiple reflections of the solitary wave inside the flume. An underwater laser scanner and a point probe were used in combination to provide high-resolution data of the bed profile around the pile breakwater. Effects of incident wave height and local water depth on the maximum scour depth, the maximum deposition height and the total scour and deposition volumes were examined. An existing empirical formula describing the evolution of the scour at a single pile in current or waves was extended to describe the scour at the pile breakwater under the action of multiple solitary waves, and new empirical coefficients were obtained by fitting the formula to the new experimental data to estimate the equilibrium scour depth. It appears that the maximum scour depth and the total scour volume are two reliable quantities for validation of numerical models developed for the scour around pile breakwaters under highly nonlinear wave conditions.     

国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用分析

针对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用性能进行评价,为用户及生产厂家提供借鉴。首先,就国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的实际数据,从不同角度和层面,全面分析和考察了其测量数据的各项性能,有针对性地绘制了各类图件,并通过数据质量、数据有效性、测流精度、测流深度等各方面的分析比对,对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪做出定性评价。其次,通过与国外同类仪器的以往应用情况进行对比分析,发现在船只转向和往复航行、加速和减速航行、高速航行时,国产走航式声学海流剖面仪表现更佳。最后,基于应用中的不足给出相关建议。     

An adaptive loop gain selection for CLEAN deconvolution algorithm

Radio interferometry significantly improves the resolution of observed images, and the final result also relies heavily on data recovery. The Cotton-Schwab CLEAN(CS-Clean) deconvolution approach is a widely used reconstruction algorithm in the field of radio synthesis imaging. However, parameter tuning for this algorithm has always been a difficult task. Here, its performance is improved by considering some internal characteristics of the data. From a mathematical point of view, a peak signal-to-noise-based(PSNRbased) method was introduced to optimize the step length of the steepest descent method in the recovery process. We also found that the loop gain curve in the new algorithm is a good indicator of parameter tuning.Tests show that the new algorithm can effectively solve the problem of oscillation for a large fixed loop gain and provides a more robust recovery.     

基于现场可编程门阵列的幸运成像算法的实现

幸运成像技术是用于消除天文图像中大气湍流影响的高分辨率图像重建技术,传统的基于中央处理器的幸运成像算法难于实时化。利用现场可编程门阵列并行处理的优势,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列的幸运成像算法并构建了一个实验系统。该系统用现场可编程门阵列完成了选图、配准、叠加的全部幸运成像算法流程,所得高分辨率图像与基于传统中央处理器算法处理的结果完全相同,但幸运成像算法的处理速度比传统中央处理器的处理速度快19倍。该算法在现场可编程门阵列上的实现,为幸运成像技术的实时或准实时化提供了一种可行的方案。     

国家应急测绘保障能力建设项目总体技术设计

我国是自然灾害多发国家,给人们生命、财产安全造成了极大威胁。应急测绘是我国突发事件应急体系和综合防灾减灾工作体系的重要组成部分。近年来,应急测绘装备和技术水平取得了巨大进展,构建规模化、协同化、覆盖全国的应急测绘保障能力已成为应急测绘保障工作的必然趋势。本文针对应急测绘保障工作的特点,分析了应急测绘业务流程和数据流程,提出了国家应急测绘保障能力建设的总体架构、建设内容设计和系统接口设计,讨论了项目建设的预期效果和下一步努力方向。相关研究可为进一步做好应急测绘保障工作的顶层设计、加强科学统筹工作奠定基础。     

Research on Wide-field Imaging Techniques for Low-frequency Radio Arraytwo

Wide-field imaging of low-frequency radio telescopes is subject to a number of difficult problems. One particularly pernicious problem is the non-coplanar baseline effect. It will lead to distortion of the final image when the phase of $w$-direction called $w$-term is ignored. The image degradation effects are amplified for the telescopes with a wide field of view. This paper summarizes and analyzes several $w$-term correction methods and their technical principles. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed after comparing their computational cost and computational complexity. We conduct simulations with two of these methods, i.e., faceting and $w$-projection, based on the configuration of the first-phase Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-frequency array. The resulted images are also compared with the result of the two-dimensional Fourier transform method. The results show that the image quality and correctness derived from both faceting and $w$-projection are better than the two-dimensional Fourier transform method in wide-field imaging. The effects of the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length on the image quality and running time are evaluated. The results indicate that the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length must be reasonable. Finally, we analyze the effect of data size on the running times of the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms. The results show that the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms need to be optimized before the huge amount of data processing. The research of the present paper initiates the analysis of wide-field imaging techniques and their applications in the existing and future low-frequency arrays, and will foster their applications in even broader fields.     

悬摆隔震结构动力分析方法初探

本文对悬摆隔震结构力学模型作等效处理,探索利用常规计算程序对其进行动力分析的有效方法,同时验证了悬摆隔震指施对于减弱结构地震反应的效果是明显的。     

地质图形处理系统设计

介绍了地质图形计算机处理系统的系统功能、系统结构、图形数据库结构以及图形生成与编辑;讨论了在开发地质图形计算机辅助设计或绘图系统时,应如何体现专业特点,如何在数据中表达地质现象的地层和构造意义,如何在地质模型建立中融入专业人员的地质背景知识,以及怎样设计出实际有效的地质图形处理软件系统等问题。      

顾及坡度和高程的多波束测深数据抽稀算法

海底地形数据是进行海洋科学研究、工程建设的重要数据源,水深信息作为海底地形数据的基础信息,反映了海底地形的起伏变化。因此,如何有效地处理水深数据成为海洋测绘的重点研究内容。为解决海量多波束测深数据的数据冗余问题,提出了一种顾及坡度和高程的多波束测深数据抽稀算法,能够兼顾数据抽稀的精度和地形特征点的保留。考虑到存在含有空洞、凹边界等局部空白区域的多波束测深数据,首先利用Alpha Shape算法提取测深数据局部空白区域的边界点;然后采用坡度和高程相结合的抽稀算法删除冗余点,得到抽稀结果。在实验区内,通过与基于坡度抽稀、顾及地形复杂度抽稀和基于系统抽稀算法进行对比实验,结果表明：(1)本文抽稀算法在测深数据局部空白区域生成的等深线较上述抽稀算法更贴近原始测深数据等深线的形态,可以有效保持地形形态完整性;(2)对不同地形的测深数据进行抽稀,本文算法的精度较上述抽稀算法均有不同程度的提升,尤其抽稀率较低时,本文算法较上述算法在MSE分别提升了16%、27%、14%和10%、36%、2%,RMSE分别提升了7%、12%、7%和5%、17%、3%,体现了本文算法对不同地形多波束测深数据抽稀的有效性...