基于GPU并行的重力、重力梯度三维正演快速计算及反演策略

利用NVIDIA CUDA编程平台,实现了基于GPU并行的重力、重力梯度三维快速正演计算方法.采用当前在重力数据约束反演或联合反演中流行的物性模型(密度大小不同、规则排列的长方体单元)作为地下剖分单元,对任意三维复杂模型体均可用很多物性模型进行组合近似,利用解析方法计算出所有物性模型在计算点的异常值并累加求和,得到整个模型体在某一计算点引起的重力(或重力梯度)值.针对精细的复杂模型体产生的问题,采用GPU并行计算技术,主要包括线程有效索引与优化的并行归约技术进行高效计算.在显卡型号为NVIDIA Quadro 2000相对于单线程CPU程序,重力和重力梯度U_xx、U_xy正演计算可以分别达到60与50倍的加速.本文还讨论了GPU并行计算在两种反演方法中的策略,为快速三维反演技术提供了借鉴.     

Active source monitoring at the Wenchuan fault zone: coseismic velocity change associated with aftershock event and its implication

With the improvement of seismic observation system, more and more observations indicate that earthquakes may cause seismic velocity change. However, the amplitude and spatial distribution of the velocity variation remains a controversial issue. Recent active source monitoring carried out adjacent to Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD) revealed unambiguous coseismic velocity change associated with a local M_s5.5 earthquake. Here, we carry out forward modeling using two-dimensional spectral element method to further investigate the amplitude and spatial distribution of observed velocity change. The model is well constrained by results from seismic reflection and WFSD coring. Our model strongly suggests that the observed coseismic velocity change is localized within the fault zone with width of ~120 m rather than dynamic strong ground shaking. And a velocity decrease of ~2.0 % within the fault zone is required to fit the observed travel time delay distribution, which coincides with rock mechanical experiment and theoretical modeling.     

频率域航空电磁数据变维数贝叶斯反演研究

传统的梯度反演方法已经广泛应用于频率域航空电磁数据处理中,然而此类方法受初始模型影响较大,且容易陷入局部极小.为解决这一问题,本文采用改进的变维数贝叶斯反演方法实现航空电磁数据反演.该方法根据建议分布对反演模型进行随机采样,并依据接受概率筛选合理的候选模型,最终获得反演模型的概率分布和不确定度信息.为解决贝叶斯反演方法对深部低阻层反演效果不佳的问题,本文通过引入合理加权系数,调整对反演模型约束强度,在很大程度上改善了反演效果.通过对模型统计方法进行改进,在遵循原有模型采样方法和接受标准的基础上,将满足数据拟合要求的模型纳入统计范围,削弱不合理模型对统计结果的干扰.本文最后通过对含有高斯噪声的理论数据和实测数据进行反演,并与Occam反演结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Slow Senonian and fast Palaeocene–Early Eocene uplift of the granitoids in the Central Eastern Pontides, Turkey: apatite fission-track results

Dating and forward modelling of the fission-track data of apatite samples from the Dereli– ebinkarahisar region, south of Giresun in the Eastern Turkish Pontides, provides quantitative data on the regional tectonics resulting from the closure of neo-Thetys and the collision of Eurasia and Gondwana. The age vs. elevation profiles identified Senonian (80.7±3.2 to 62.4±2.5 Ma) slow uplift and denudation, interpreted as the result of the diapiric ascent of subduction-related plutons above the neo-Tethyan subduction zone beneath the Eurasian continent. This was followed by rapid differential uplift during the Palaeocene–Early Eocene (57.4±2.4 to 47.8±2.4 Ma), which juxtaposed granitoid units of different ages, compositions, and emplacement levels in the crust, and is thought to be related to the collision between the Pontide (Eurasian) and Anatolide (Gondwana) basements. The modelling results must be interpreted with caution, but appear to indicate a period of Mio-Pliocene (ca. 5 Ma) reheating related to volcanism associated with the westward escape of the Anatolian plate and uplift from the Pliocene (ca. 3.5 Ma) up to the present.     

A synthetic Earth Gravity Model Designed Specifically for Testing Regional Gravimetric Geoid Determination Algorithms

A synthetic [simulated] Earth gravity model (SEGM) of the geoid, gravity and topography has been constructed over Australia specifically for validating regional gravimetric geoid determination theories, techniques and computer software. This regional high-resolution (1-arc-min by 1-arc-min) Australian SEGM (AusSEGM) is a combined source and effect model. The long-wavelength effect part (up to and including spherical harmonic degree and order 360) is taken from an assumed errorless EGM96 global geopotential model. Using forward modelling via numerical Newtonian integration, the short-wavelength source part is computed from a high-resolution (3-arc-sec by 3-arc-sec) synthetic digital elevation model (SDEM), which is a fractal surface based on the GLOBE v1 DEM. All topographic masses are modelled with a constant mass-density of 2,670 kg/m³. Based on these input data, gravity values on the synthetic topography (on a grid and at arbitrarily distributed discrete points) and consistent geoidal heights at regular 1-arc-min geographical grid nodes have been computed. The precision of the synthetic gravity and geoid data (after a first iteration) is estimated to be better than 30 μ Gal and 3 mm, respectively, which reduces to 1 μ Gal and 1 mm after a second iteration. The second iteration accounts for the changes in the geoid due to the superposed synthetic topographic mass distribution. The first iteration of AusSEGM is compared with Australian gravity and GPS-levelling data to verify that it gives a realistic representation of the Earth’s gravity field. As a by-product of this comparison, AusSEGM gives further evidence of the north–south-trending error in the Australian Height Datum. The freely available AusSEGM-derived gravity and SDEM data, included as Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) with this paper, can be used to compute a geoid model that, if correct, will agree to in 3 mm with the AusSEGM geoidal heights, thus offering independent verification of theories and numerical techniques used for regional geoid modelling.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-005-0002-z     

基于数学优化方法的全站仪设站研究

文中提出了一种数学优化方法对大射电望远镜(Large Radio Telescope)LT5 m模型中用于跟踪测量的全站仪的站点坐标进行修正.目的是为了提高全站仪的设站精度,从而进一步提高其跟踪测量精度.实验表明,应用该方法使得全站仪的测量精度由原来的最大误差5 mm降低至最大误差为1 mm.达到了预期的目的.     

非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法在目标观测中的应用初探

本文初步探讨了非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法(NLLE)在目标观测中的应用。首先, 在NLLE理论基础上研究了非线性动力系统内局部平均误差相对增长(LAGRE)特征, 证明了在误差发展进入随机状态前, LAGRE与初始误差大小无关而是与初始状态有关;在演化进入随机状态后, LAGRE的饱和值由初始误差大小决定这一特征。同时利用三个变量的常微分方程模型Lorenz63验证了这一结论。其次, 从非线性局部误差增长理论出发, 在局部动力演化相似方法(LDA)的基础上提出向前局部动力演化相似方法(FLDA)的概念, 并通过两个混沌个例来说明LDA和FLDA方法能够有效的利用历史资料还原任意初始状态的LAGRE。这些方法的提出为NLLE理论应用于观测资料研究目标观测问题提供了依据。     

地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动

通过研究我国地理信息公共服务平台建设的驱动现状及其相关问题,分析了地理信息公共服务平台的层次结构以及在空间信息技术发展中的定位,基于地理信息公共服务平台的试点工程应用示范建设的经验,阐述了地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动问题。针对我国当前地理信息公共服务平台建设中的瓶颈问题,提出了走以不同行业与部门协同共建的方式来有效驱动地理信息公共服务平台建设的路径。     

高精度频率域弹性波方程有限差分方法及波场模拟

有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,但常规的有限差分法本身存在着数值频散问题,会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率,为了克服常规差分算子的数值频散,本文采用25点优化差分算子,再根据最优化理论求取的优化系数,建立了频率空间域中弹性波波动方程的差分格式;为了消除边界反射,引入最佳匹配层,构造了各向同性介质中弹性波方程在不同边界和角点处的边界条件. 最后由弹性波波动方程和边界条件,通过频率域有限差分法,分别利用不同震源对弹性波在均匀各向同性介质、层状介质及凹陷模型中的传播过程进行了数值正演模拟,得到了单频波波场、时间切片和共炮点道集,为下一步的研究工作（如成像、反演）提供了研究基础.     

基于分数阶拉普拉斯算子解耦的黏声介质地震正演模拟与逆时偏移

时间域常Q黏声波方程,由于含分数阶时间导数项,数值求解需要大量内存,计算效率低,不利于地震偏移的实施.通过一系列近似,可将该方程简化为介质频散效应和衰减效应解耦的分数阶拉普拉斯算子黏声波方程,数值求解内存需求少,计算效率高.本文采用交错网格有限差分逼近时间导数,改进的伪谱法计算空间导数,PML吸收边界去除边界反射,对该方程进行数值离散和地震正演模拟,开展地震数据的黏声介质逆时偏移,实现波场逆时延拓过程中同时完成频散校正和衰减补偿.改善深层构造的成像精度,数值结果表明,基于分数阶拉普拉斯算子解耦的黏声介质地震正演模拟与逆时偏移可大幅度提高地震模拟计算效率,偏移剖面明显优于常规声波偏移剖面,极大改善深层构造的成像品质.