基于多尺度有限元法的频率域航空电磁三维正演研究

正演模拟是电磁数据反演的基础, 其计算速度与精度一直是制约电磁反演的两大核心问题.在三维电磁正反演中, 传统方法通过加密网格或增加插值基函数阶数提高计算精度, 但由此也降低了计算效率, 制约了三维电磁反演的实用化.因此, 如何实现大尺度模型高精度快速正演是目前电磁三维正反演中亟需解决的问题.本文将多尺度有限元法应用到麦克斯韦方程求解中.我们首先在粗网格尺度上构建满足局部特性微分算子的多尺度基函数, 进而在粗网格尺度上对原问题进行求解, 通过建立粗细两套网格间场的映射关系, 在未知数较少的粗网格上实现电磁问题求解之后, 利用粗细两套网格间场的映射关系获取细网格上电磁场响应, 由此可以在保证计算精度前提下快速获取不同尺度电磁场正演响应, 计算速度得到很大提高.此外, 本文还基于八叉树思想进行网格优化, 进一步改善三维正演效率.我们通过对典型地电结构进行多尺度有限元正演模拟并与传统有限元结果对比验证算法的有效性.最后, 我们通过模拟加拿大Voisey's Bay卵形体镍铜硫化矿区航空电磁响应以检验本文算法模拟地下复杂异常体的能力.

     

Gravity/magnetic potential of uneven shell topography

 A fast spherical harmonic approach enables the computation of gravitational or magnetic potential created by a non-uniform shell of material bounded by uneven topographies. The resulting field can be evaluated outside or inside the sphere, assuming that density of the shell varies with latitude, longitude, and radial distance. To simplify, the density (or magnetization) source inside the sphere is assumed to be the product of a surface function and a power series expansion of the radial distance. This formalism is applied to compute the gravity signal of a steady, dry atmosphere. It provides geoid/gravity maps at sea level as well as satellite altitude. Results of this application agree closely with those of earlier studies, where the atmosphere contribution to the Earth's gravity field was determined using more time-consuming methods. Received: 14 August 2000 / Accepted: 19 March 2001     

Influence of the improbable in earth sciences

The special significance of unanticipated extreme data (in space and time), especially for both genetic and economic predictions, is emphasised with reference to numerous dissimilar geological examples. However, commonly, data for measured variables falling near, or beyond, the tails of unimodal distribution curves have not been incorporated in inverse or forward models used previously in the earth sciences.     

利用走时反演二维多孔介质渗透率

综合利用直接方法和优化方法研究二维多孔介质渗透率反演问题. 问题的提法与前人不同,是由区域内各点流体渗透的走时来反演渗透率. 该反问题的求解可分成两步进行,归结为两个相应的子问题进行研究. 首先由流体走时反演二维多孔介质速度场的数值算法,然后由二维多孔介质速度场反演二维多孔介质渗透率的数值算法,最后给出数值例子. 数值结果表明了所用数值方法的正确性和有效性.     

黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟

有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,时间域有限差分计算方法因按时间片递推计算,每个时间片的舍入误差会累积到下一片中,当时间片较多,最终会导致累积误差太大.而频率域计算是按频率片对空间网格进行整体求解方程组,其计算误差分配到了每个网格点上,并且各个频率片之间是独立计算的,因此不存在累计误差,而且在频率-空间域更易于模拟黏弹各向异性介质的衰减,同时采用25点优化差分算子克服了常规差分算子的数值频散.本文首先推导了黏弹性VTI介质的频率-空间域准P波波动方程,在此基础上,利用25点优化差分算子构造了差分格式,实现了频率空间域的正演模拟.并以断层模型为例,模拟并对比分析了利用弹性VTI介质波动方程差分格式和利用黏弹性VTI介质波动方程差分格式模拟的井间地震准P波波场记录,得出黏弹性介质地震记录由于衰减振幅相对较小,主频相对较低的结论.     

高密度电阻率勘测方法分辨率研究与探讨

随着高密度电阻率法在工程中的应用日益广泛,对分辨率的影响因素分析研究也受到重视。论文以均匀半空间局部直立异常体为探测目标,建立多个基于温纳高密度电法装置的地电模型,采用有限元等方法进行正反演数值模拟分析,对高密度电阻率法探测分辨率的影响规律进行探讨。分析表明,地形起伏会引起异常体的位置与形态发生畸变和位移,分辨率降低; 电阻率差异增大,分辨率提高; 深径比增大,分辨率降低; 当异常体的水平范围一定时,探测分辨率随纵深的增大而提高。     

Geophysical signatures over and around the northern segment of the 85°E Ridge,Mahanadi offshore,Eastern Continental Margin of India: Tectonic implications

The nature and origin of the subsurface 85°E Ridge in the Bay of Bengal has remained enigmatic till date despite several theories proposed by earlier researchers. We reinterpreted the recently acquired high quality multichannel seismic reflection data over the northern segment of the ridge that traverses through the Mahanadi offshore, Eastern Continental Margin of India and mapped the ridge boundary and its northward continuity. The ridge is characterized by complex topography, multilayer composition, intrusive bodies and discrete nature of underlying crust. The ridge is associated with large amplitude negative magnetic and gravity anomalies. The negative gravity response across the ridge is probably due to emplacement of relatively low density material as well as ∼2–3 km flexure of the Moho. The observed broad shelf margin basin gravity anomaly in the northern Mahanadi offshore is due to the amalgamation of the 85°E Ridge material with that of continental and oceanic crust. The negative magnetic anomaly signature over the ridge indicates its evolution in the southern hemisphere when the Earth’s magnetic field was normally polarized. The presence of ∼5 s TWT thick sediments over the acoustic basement west of the ridge indicates that the underlying crust is relatively old, Early Cretaceous age.The present study indicates that the probable palaeo-location of Elan Bank is not between the Krishna–Godavari and Mahanadi offshores, but north of Mahanadi. Further, the study suggests that the northern segment of the 85°E Ridge may have emplaced along a pseudo fault during the Mid Cretaceous due to Kerguelen mantle plume activity. The shallow basement east of the ridge may have formed due to the later movement of the microcontinents Elan Bank and Southern Kerguelen Plateau along with the Antarctica plate.     

复杂金属矿体地震波正演模拟研究-以庐枞罗河-泥河-大包庄矿床为例

地震勘探在金属矿勘查中发挥越来越重要的作用,但复杂的介质结构和矿体形态通常使金属矿地震解释异常困难,为深入研究复杂金属矿体的地震波场特征,有效开展金属矿地震解释,本文以庐枞矿集区的罗河、泥河和大包庄矿床为例,在详细开展物性测量和地质与地球物理建模的基础上,对均匀介质复杂矿体模型、简化矿体模型和随机介质简化矿体模型进行了...     

一种由一维反演初步解释二维电阻率构造的方法

利用对非水平层状介质的地质结构首先进行二维模型的正演模拟,尔后对模拟曲线再进行一维反演来确定层状结构特征,实现由一维反演初步解释二维电阻率构造的解释过程。通过对三个不同结构特征的二维模型的解释结果表明,采用这种方法能够解释简单的二维电阻率构造,尤其是对于确定存在横向电阻率差异的界面效果更好;而且利用一个简单的经验公式在等值线断面图上通过求解截止电阻率值达到确定异常体的几何形态     

横向非均匀介质多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演

作为近地表横波速度结构成像的主要手段之一,面波多道分析法的正问题研究对现场观测系统设计及后续反演计算具有重要意义.目前面波频散曲线的正演主要分为两类:一是对水平层状介质中面波的本征值问题进行求解,该类方法计算效率高但较难考虑地下介质在横向上的不均匀性;二是基于波动方程的全波场模拟,该类方法在理论上可考虑任意复杂的地质模...