提取非金属管GPR图像的非线性技术

Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section     

Comparison of evolutionary and static modeling of stresses around a salt diapir

We compare an evolutionary with a static approach for modeling stress and deformation around a salt diapir; we show that the two approaches predict different stress histories and very different strains within adjacent wall rocks. Near the base of a rising salt diapir, significantly higher shear stresses develop when the evolutionary analysis is used. In addition, the static approach is not able to capture the decrease in the hoop stress caused by the circumferential diapir expansion, nor the increase in the horizontal stress caused by the rise of the diapir. Hence, only the evolutionary approach is able to predict a sudden decrease in the fracture gradient and identify areas of borehole instability near salt. Furthermore, the evolutionary model predicts strains an order of magnitude higher than the strains within the static model. More importantly, the evolutionary model shows significant shearing in the horizontal plane as a result of radial shortening accompanied by an almost-equivalent hoop extension. The evolutionary analysis is performed with ELFEN, and the static analysis with ABAQUS. We model the sediments using a poro-elastoplastic model. Overall, our results highlight the ability of forward evolutionary modeling to capture the stress history of mudrocks close to salt diapirs, which is essential for estimating the present strength and anisotropic characteristics of these sediments.     

黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟

有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,时间域有限差分计算方法因按时间片递推计算,每个时间片的舍入误差会累积到下一片中,当时间片较多,最终会导致累积误差太大.而频率域计算是按频率片对空间网格进行整体求解方程组,其计算误差分配到了每个网格点上,并且各个频率片之间是独立计算的,因此不存在累计误差,而且在频率-空间域更易于...     

双相各向同性介质弹性波高精度波场分离数值模拟方法

为了便于研究双相介质固流相混合弹性波场中纵横波波场的传播规律,提出了基于交错网格的Biot双相各向同性介质弹性波动方程高精度波场分离正演数值模拟方法.采用高阶交错网格有限差分法来构建一阶双曲型双相各向同性介质弹性波动方程正演算子实现波场正演,并在每一步递推过程中,分别计算出同相和流相分量相应的散度场(纯纵波场)和旋度场...     

复杂金属矿体地震波正演模拟研究-以庐枞罗河-泥河-大包庄矿床为例

地震勘探在金属矿勘查中发挥越来越重要的作用,但复杂的介质结构和矿体形态通常使金属矿地震解释异常困难,为深入研究复杂金属矿体的地震波场特征,有效开展金属矿地震解释,本文以庐枞矿集区的罗河、泥河和大包庄矿床为例,在详细开展物性测量和地质与地球物理建模的基础上,对均匀介质复杂矿体模型、简化矿体模型和随机介质简化矿体模型进行了...     

基于吸收边界条件的瞬变电磁法三维矢量有限元快速正演

瞬变电磁法的三维有限元正演通常采用齐次边界条件,为满足该边界条件,需要构建较大尺寸的模型,这降低了正演问题的求解速度.针对该问题,本文采用吸收边界条件代替齐次边界条件,以缩小模型体积,加快正演速度:首先,从时间域麦克斯韦方程组出发,推导了基于库伦规范的矢量势的微分控制方程,结合一阶吸收边界条件推导了相应的的弱形式方程;在此基础上采用一阶四面体矢量单元进行单元分析、Newmark法进行时间离散,实现了瞬变电磁法的快速三维正演.通过均匀半空间模型的解析解,H型地电断面的CR1Dmod解和相应模型有限元解的对比,验证了本文算法的正确性.均匀半空间模型分别采用吸收边界条件和齐次边界条件的正演结果对比表明:吸收边界条件确实可以提高三维正演的精度或者缩小模型尺寸、加快计算速度.     

横向非均匀介质多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演

作为近地表横波速度结构成像的主要手段之一,面波多道分析法的正问题研究对现场观测系统设计及后续反演计算具有重要意义.目前面波频散曲线的正演主要分为两类:一是对水平层状介质中面波的本征值问题进行求解,该类方法计算效率高但较难考虑地下介质在横向上的不均匀性;二是基于波动方程的全波场模拟,该类方法在理论上可考虑任意复杂的地质模型但计算成本相对较高.本文基于振幅归一化加权的聚束分析,提出了一种适用于横向非均匀介质模型的多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演方法.首先,基于聚束分析的计算公式推导得到了经振幅归一化加权后输出功率谱中相速度与局部相速度之间的关系,然后通过黄金分割极值搜索算法计算得到了多道瑞雷波数据的理论频散曲线.数值分析结果表明,该算法能够快速地实现横向非均匀介质中多道瑞雷波频散曲线的正演计算,所求取的频散曲线与采用二维弹性波时间域有限差分模拟分析得到的结果误差较小,这在一定程度上说明了该计算方法的可靠性,从而可为面波多道分析法中的观测系统快速优化设计以及横向非均匀介质中频散曲线的反演解释提供理论支撑.     

等厚薄互层时频特征的正演模拟

本文基于波动理论,利用深度域相移法对不同互层数、不同单层厚度的等厚薄互层进行正演模拟.采用广义S变换分析零偏移距地震道反射复合波的瞬时频谱.研究发现当单层厚度大于3/16波长时,等厚薄互层时域特征为中、高频等幅振荡,瞬时频谱为与单层厚度成反比的单一峰值梳状函数;当单层厚度小于3/16波长时,震源子波的有限带宽对瞬时频谱的高频频率峰有压制作用,导致等厚薄互层中部的时域振幅和频域最大幅度均为低值,薄互层的结构特征不易分辨,说明宽高频的震源子波是提高薄互层分辨能力的关键.此外,理论推导和实验分析均证明:当地层厚度大于1/8波长时,其峰值频率与薄互层单层厚度存在定量解析关系,这为等厚薄互层单层厚度定量预测提供了重要的技术手段.     

高密度电阻率勘测方法分辨率研究与探讨

随着高密度电阻率法在工程中的应用日益广泛,对分辨率的影响因素分析研究也受到重视。论文以均匀半空间局部直立异常体为探测目标,建立多个基于温纳高密度电法装置的地电模型,采用有限元等方法进行正反演数值模拟分析,对高密度电阻率法探测分辨率的影响规律进行探讨。分析表明,地形起伏会引起异常体的位置与形态发生畸变和位移,分辨率降低; 电阻率差异增大,分辨率提高; 深径比增大,分辨率降低; 当异常体的水平范围一定时,探测分辨率随纵深的增大而提高。     

Tectonic repetitions of the Early Cretaceous Agrio Formation in the Chos Malal fold-and-thrust belt,Neuquén Basin,Argentina: Geometry,kinematics and structural implications for Andean building

The Neuquén Basin, developed in a retroarc setting in the central-west of Argentina, contains more than 6000 m of Mesozoic marine and continental sedimentary rocks. These rocks were deformed during the Andean orogeny leading to several thick and thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts. The Early Cretaceous Agrio Formation is composed by a thick marine succession predominantly of black shales in which highlights a thin fluvial-aeolian sandy interval named Avilé Member. The Avilé Member, one of the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs of the Neuquén Basin, constitutes an excellent structural marker. At the Chos Malal fold-and-thrust belt, the strong mechanical anisotropy given by the contrasting lithology of the Avilé Member within the Agrio Formation favored the location of detachments along the shales and ramps affecting the sandstones during the Andean compression. Detailed field mapping at the Chacay Melehue area allowed us to recognize tectonic repetitions of the Avilé Member, which form imbrications in the simplest case whereas in other places constitute a more complex combination of imbrications, including fault-bend folding that duplicates stratigraphic sequences and fault-propagation folding that deforms more intensely the duplicated units. Along three structural cross-sections we illustrate the geometry of these tectonic repetitions of the Agrio Formation, which in the northern area have an eastward-vergence and in the central and southern regions show a clear westward-vergence. A tear fault along the arroyo Chacay Melehue could explain this vergence change. Forward modeling of the structures at the central cross-section, where a backthrust system produced imbrication, duplication and folding of the Agrio Formation, allows us to propose a balanced kinematic reconstruction of this complex structure and to compare the features produced at different stages of the deformation sequence with field observations. Our kinematic interpretation shows that the tectonic repetitions of the Agrio Formation involve 3 km of shortening above a basal detachment within the lowermost black shales. Based on a regional balanced cross-section constructed from the basement-cored Cordillera del Viento anticlinorium toward the east, across the thin-skinned sector of the Chos Malal FTB, it is possible to connect the backthrust system with east-vergent fault-bend folds that involve the stratigraphic units below the Agrio Formation. Finally, we propose a regional structural model considering the Cordillera del Viento as a basement wedge related to a low angle Andean thrust that is inserted into the sedimentary cover producing structures of different order, which evidence a strong relationship between thick and thin-skinned structures during the Andean orogeny.