声波方程频率域有限元参数反演

推导出频率域有限元声波正演方程,为了消除边界反射,将Clayton-Engquist旁轴波动方程吸收边界条件引入频率域,并对有限元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵进行压缩存储,利用广义共轭梯度法求解有限元方程获得正演解.在此基础上,推导出在某一频率下波场数据残差δU与单元物性参数修改量δλ之间关系的Jacobi矩阵,反演方法允许利用地面二维炮集全波场资料与给出初始模型参数的正演值的差值δU,迭代求得δλ.由于计算机内存的限制,方法计算不允许有过多数目的未知数个数,因此还提出了对同一介质物性单元的Jacobi矩阵元素进行压缩组装的措施,从而使反演的未知量个数减少,结合采用共轭梯度迭代法,使得只需利用有效波频段的少数一些频率即可进行迭代反演.正演和反演理论模型的数值模拟结果表明方法是有效的.     

低序级断层波动方程正演及特征分析

低序级断层是复杂断块油藏勘探开发的重要研究内容,对油田开发后期落实剩余油分布、解决注采矛盾具有重要意义.本文采用声波方程有限差分正演模拟,对以下几种情形进行了研究:(1)低序级断层与埋深、主频以及信噪比之间的关系;(2)观测系统对断层的影响;(3)物性差异产生的假断层问题;(4)大断层衍生出小断层的正演问题;(5)断层破碎带的影响以及断层封堵带含流体的影响.在上述理论模型正演分析的基础上,根据胜利油田典型构造带的地震剖面建立速度模型,研究了不同组合模式的低序级断层的识别能力,最后分析了波动方程正演模拟和褶积合成地震记录的区别.通过对低序级断层正演模拟特征的分析,得出了不同资料质量、不同地质情况以及不同组合模式下,能够准确识别的断层的极限.理论上能够识别的断层最小断距为7 m左右,最小可能会达到5 m,子波主频适当提高,数据采集时炮点和检波点越密集,道间距越小,多个断层的横向或纵向间隔越大,断层的落差越大时,越能够准确地定位断点并确定断层位置.本文研究成果对油田科研生产中低序级断层的正确判别以及提高断层检测方法的可信度方面具有重要意义.     

二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟

本文对有限差分法弹性波场三分量正演模拟中遇到的人为边界反射问题进行了研究,分别获得2-D横向各向同性介质中U_x,U_z,与U_y位移分量模拟时的边界吸收条件.从吸收边界上反射系数与入射角之间的关系可以说明,本文提出的边界吸收条件的吸收能力比较强.     

Influence of the improbable in earth sciences

The special significance of unanticipated extreme data (in space and time), especially for both genetic and economic predictions, is emphasised with reference to numerous dissimilar geological examples. However, commonly, data for measured variables falling near, or beyond, the tails of unimodal distribution curves have not been incorporated in inverse or forward models used previously in the earth sciences.     

Homotopy scattering series for seismic forward modelling with variable density and velocity

We have derived a convergent scattering series solution for the frequency-domain wave equation in acoustic media with variable density and velocity. The convergent scattering series solution is based on the homotopy analysis of a vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type. By using the Green's function and partial integration, we have derived the vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type that involves the pressure gradient field as well as the pressure field from the wave equation. The vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation can in principle be solved via matrix inversion, but the computational cost of matrix inversion scales like $N^3$, where $N$ is the number of grid blocks. The computational cost can be significantly reduced if one solves the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation iteratively. A simple iterative solution is the Born series, but it is only convergent when the scattering potential is sufficiently small. In this study, we have used the so-called homotopy analysis method to derive an iterative solution for the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation which can be made convergent even in strongly scattering media. The computational cost of our convergent scattering series scales as $N^2$. Our algorithm, which is based on the homotopy analysis method, involves a convergence control operator that we select using hierarchical matrices. We use a three-layer model and a resampled version of the SEG/EAGE salt model to show the performance of the developed convergent scattering series.     

二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟

本文对有限差分法弹性波场三分量正演模拟中遇到的人为边界反射问题进行了研究,分别获得2-D横向各向同性介质中U_x,U_z,与U_y位移分量模拟时的边界吸收条件.从吸收边界上反射系数与入射角之间的关系可以说明,本文提出的边界吸收条件的吸收能力比较强.     

三维波动方程有限差分正演方法

三维地震资料的处理和解释都需要有效的三维正演模型予以验证．本文提出一种在ｘ－ｔ域实现快速、高精度的有限差分正演方法，采用了独特的“平行四边形网格”，并用Ｐ－Ｒ交替差分格式使三维波动方程可以局部地分裂成二维求解方程，从而有效地减少运算量．     

Finite element analysis of quasi-static earthquake displacement fields observed by GPS

In order to investigate the ability of numerical techniques in computing seismic displacement fields, a forward problem of dislocation theory is first solved by both analytical and numerical techniques. Convergency of the numerical solution and a comparison with the results of a well-known analytical solution are presented for a particular problem. The results are then used when the numerical technique is applied to the same problem without any information on the dislocation source. The latter results may be applied in an inverse dislocation problem. Numerical techniques are in particular expected to be flexible enough to (1) include internal discontinuities, (2) apply geodetic observations as boundary conditions and (3) model lateral, in addition to radial, material heterogeneities. A model with lateral variation of elastic parameters is considered in the last problem. Acknowledgments.The authors are most grateful to Y. Okada, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan, for providing the Fortran code of his analytical solution.     

准噶尔盆地车38井区地震物理模型技术研究

利用地震物理模型技术,依据准噶尔盆地车38井区三维地震的地质解释成果,按一定的模拟相似比,制作一个三维物理模型.利用超声波反射技术,用2种观测系统对模型进行全三维数据采集.通过不同面元三维数据效果对比,提供针对不同地质目标确定面元大小的试验依据,提出从野外采集、资料处理到解释的成套方案.根据不同地震地质条件和勘探目标要求,应用模型正演技术可以指导合理确定三维地震勘探面元大小和其它采集参数.     

一种适于电阻率成像的正演新方法

利用格林函数导出了2．5维问题中研究区域网格化条件下空间任意一点电位所满足的边界积分方程,基于该方程可以灵活地建立电阻率层析成像方法．用边界单元法求解该方程可得到地表和地下的电位分布,从而可以进行视电阻率模拟．所得计算结果与前人的实验结果及用其它方法获得的数值模拟结果的对比说明这一方法的正确性