基于交错网格有限差分法的断面波叠前时间偏移成像影响因素正演分析

断层和断裂带的有效识别是地震资料解释中的重要环节,断层在地震信号响应中以断面波的形式体现,因此断面波成像的质量关系到断层的精细识别与刻画.本文利用精度较高的交错网格有限差分正演模拟方法对断面波成像的影响因素进行了正演研究,主要正演分析的参数包括采集因素中的电缆长度和采集方向,地质因素中的断层倾角、断距、反射系数,以及处理因素中的偏移方法等几个方面.通过正演论证得出：采用合理的采集参数能够提高断面波的照明度;有效结合地质因素能够提高断面波的解释精度;利用合理的偏移方法能够使断层归位更加准确,断面波有效成像.基于以上结论,对于断面波的精确识别与刻画,应综合采集因素,处理因素及地质因素,只有这样才能提高断层的解释精度,有效减小解释误差.     

混合ADI-FDTD亚网格技术在探地雷达频散媒质中的高效正演

提出混合ADI-FDTD亚网格技术开展频散介质GPR正演,即在物性参数变化剧烈局部区域采用细网格剖分ADI-FDTD计算,其他的区域采用粗网格剖分常规FDTD计算,ADI-FDTD突破了CFL条件的限制,可选取与粗网格一致的大时间步长,有效地提高了计算效率.本文首先基于Debye方程,推导了粗网格FDTD及细网格ADI-FDTD频散介质差分格式,着重对粗细两种网格结合的场值交换方式进行了深入探讨,给出了该算法的计算流程.然后以一个薄层模型为例,分别应用粗网格、细网格、混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法对该模型进行正演,计算资源的占用及模拟精度说明了混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法的优势.最后,建立频散介质与非频散介质的组合模型,应用3种方法对该模型进行正演,对比3种方法优劣,分析雷达剖面中非频散介质及频散介质中波形特征,有效地指导雷达资料的精确解释.     

基于多源数据分析维多利亚湖流域水储量变化

本文利用CSR发布的GRACE RL06时变重力场模型,结合两种水文模式、卫星测高、降雨和蒸散等多源数据,从多个角度综合系统地分析维多利亚湖流域2003-01—2017-06的陆地水储量变化.比较了正向建模方法和单一尺度因子对泄漏误差的改正效果,经对比采用正向建模方法在此流域效果更好.基于多源数据得出以下三点与此前研究不同的结论:(1)GRACE RL06版本数据探测到流域内的水储量在2003-01—2017-06呈增加趋势,球谐位系数和Mascon产品得到的变化速率分别为14.9 mm·a^-1和16.7 mm·a^-1,观测误差小于RL05版本的结果,RL05版本低估了流域水储量的变化速率;(2)2013-01—2016-02期间GRACE和测高探测到湖泊水量增长,而水文模式探测到流域内水储量减少,推测这一现象由大坝蓄水造成;(3)受El Ni1o事件影响,2016-03—2017-06流域降雨减少,流域水储量减少,GRACE球谐位系数和Mascon探测到的变化速率分别为-100.3 mm·a^-1和-129.7 mm·a...     

Influence of the improbable in earth sciences

The special significance of unanticipated extreme data (in space and time), especially for both genetic and economic predictions, is emphasised with reference to numerous dissimilar geological examples. However, commonly, data for measured variables falling near, or beyond, the tails of unimodal distribution curves have not been incorporated in inverse or forward models used previously in the earth sciences.     

Homotopy scattering series for seismic forward modelling with variable density and velocity

We have derived a convergent scattering series solution for the frequency-domain wave equation in acoustic media with variable density and velocity. The convergent scattering series solution is based on the homotopy analysis of a vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type. By using the Green's function and partial integration, we have derived the vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type that involves the pressure gradient field as well as the pressure field from the wave equation. The vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation can in principle be solved via matrix inversion, but the computational cost of matrix inversion scales like $N^3$, where $N$ is the number of grid blocks. The computational cost can be significantly reduced if one solves the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation iteratively. A simple iterative solution is the Born series, but it is only convergent when the scattering potential is sufficiently small. In this study, we have used the so-called homotopy analysis method to derive an iterative solution for the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation which can be made convergent even in strongly scattering media. The computational cost of our convergent scattering series scales as $N^2$. Our algorithm, which is based on the homotopy analysis method, involves a convergence control operator that we select using hierarchical matrices. We use a three-layer model and a resampled version of the SEG/EAGE salt model to show the performance of the developed convergent scattering series.     

二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟

本文对有限差分法弹性波场三分量正演模拟中遇到的人为边界反射问题进行了研究,分别获得2-D横向各向同性介质中U_x,U_z,与U_y位移分量模拟时的边界吸收条件.从吸收边界上反射系数与入射角之间的关系可以说明,本文提出的边界吸收条件的吸收能力比较强.     

三维波动方程有限差分正演方法

三维地震资料的处理和解释都需要有效的三维正演模型予以验证．本文提出一种在ｘ－ｔ域实现快速、高精度的有限差分正演方法，采用了独特的“平行四边形网格”，并用Ｐ－Ｒ交替差分格式使三维波动方程可以局部地分裂成二维求解方程，从而有效地减少运算量．     

Finite element analysis of quasi-static earthquake displacement fields observed by GPS

In order to investigate the ability of numerical techniques in computing seismic displacement fields, a forward problem of dislocation theory is first solved by both analytical and numerical techniques. Convergency of the numerical solution and a comparison with the results of a well-known analytical solution are presented for a particular problem. The results are then used when the numerical technique is applied to the same problem without any information on the dislocation source. The latter results may be applied in an inverse dislocation problem. Numerical techniques are in particular expected to be flexible enough to (1) include internal discontinuities, (2) apply geodetic observations as boundary conditions and (3) model lateral, in addition to radial, material heterogeneities. A model with lateral variation of elastic parameters is considered in the last problem. Acknowledgments.The authors are most grateful to Y. Okada, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan, for providing the Fortran code of his analytical solution.     

准噶尔盆地车38井区地震物理模型技术研究

利用地震物理模型技术,依据准噶尔盆地车38井区三维地震的地质解释成果,按一定的模拟相似比,制作一个三维物理模型.利用超声波反射技术,用2种观测系统对模型进行全三维数据采集.通过不同面元三维数据效果对比,提供针对不同地质目标确定面元大小的试验依据,提出从野外采集、资料处理到解释的成套方案.根据不同地震地质条件和勘探目标要求,应用模型正演技术可以指导合理确定三维地震勘探面元大小和其它采集参数.     

一种适于电阻率成像的正演新方法

利用格林函数导出了2．5维问题中研究区域网格化条件下空间任意一点电位所满足的边界积分方程,基于该方程可以灵活地建立电阻率层析成像方法．用边界单元法求解该方程可得到地表和地下的电位分布,从而可以进行视电阻率模拟．所得计算结果与前人的实验结果及用其它方法获得的数值模拟结果的对比说明这一方法的正确性