Case history of the disastrous debris flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County,Tibet, China: Some mitigation suggestions

Debris flows and landslides, extensively developing and frequently occurring along Parlung Zangbo, seriously damage the Highway from Sichuan to Tiebt(G318) at Bomi County. The disastrous debris flows of the Tianmo Watershed on Sept. 4, 2007, July 25, 2010 and Sept. 4, 2010, blocked Parlung Zangbo River and produced dammed lakes, whose outburst flow made 50 m high terrace collapse at the opposite bank due to intense scouring on the foot of the terrace. As a result, the traffic was interrupted for 16 days in 2010 because that 900 m highway base was destructed and 430 m ruined. These debris flows were initiated by the glacial melting which was induced by continuous higher temperature and the following intensive rainfall, and expanded by moraines along channels and then blocked Parlung Zangbo. At the outlet of watershed,the density, velocity and peak discharge of debris flow was 2.06 t/m3, 12.7 m/s and 3334 m3/s, respectively. When the discharge at the outlet and the deposition volume into river exceeds 2125 m3/s and 126×103 m3, respectively, debris flow will completely blocked Parlung Zangbo. Moreover,if the shear stress of river flow on the foot of terrace and the inclination angel of terrace overruns 0. 377 N/m2 and 26°, respectively, the unconsolidated terrace will be eroded by outburst flow and collapse. It was strongly recommended for mitigation that identify and evade disastrous debris flows, reduce the junction angel of channels between river and watershed, build protecting wall for highway base and keep appropriate distance between highway and the edge of unconsolidated terrace.     

山东省构造型地裂缝成因机制研究

收集了山东省多年来的地裂缝地质灾害调查和研究资料,结合地裂缝地质灾害发育的地质环境背景,对山东省内地裂缝的区域分布特征、发育特点进行了分析,认为山东省内构造型地裂缝广泛发育,并对山东省构造型地裂缝的成因机理进行阐述。     

Geothermal occurrence analysis of Dongying Formation in Tanggu area of Tianjin

Based on introducing geological structure of Tanggu area, the authors analyzed the sedimentary environment of Paleogene Dongying Formation, and further analyzed its geothermal occurrence. The studied area spans two grade IV tectonic units which are Beitang depression and Banqiao depression. The studied area is mainly located in the Tanggu nose-like structure which is the secondary structure of Beitang depression. Its existence affects the sedimentary distribution of the part strata of Paleogene. The depositions of Dongying Ⅲ （ SQEd3 ） and Dongying Ⅱ （ SQEd2 ） are mainly delta front facies and lake sand bars which are propitious to the geothermal fluid enrichment. The favorable enrichment region of geothermal fluid is located in south Hetou- Tanggu. Most of Dongying Ⅰ （ SQEd1 ） changes into swamp plain deposition, only the northeast part of this area is the distributary riverway facies with developed sand layers. There is the favorable enrichment region of geothermal fluid. The hydraulic connection is weak among the geothermal reservoirs of Dongying Formation and its overlying Guantao and Minghuazhen formations. The underlying Shahejie Formation geothermal reservoir pro- vides a steady stream of fluid supply and ground pressure protection for Dongying Formation geothermal reservoir.     

Sedimentary environment of Late Carboniferous Tangjiatun Formation in Acheng of Heilongjiang

According to the lithological assemblages and elemental geochemistry of the measured Profile,the authors studied the sedimentary and tectonic environment of the Late Carboniferous Tangjiatun Formation ...     

Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area，Inner Mongolia

The authors studied zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the zircon Hf isotope and geochemistry of acidic volcanic rocks in Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia,and discussed the chronology, source region and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks in the studied area． The clear oscillatory zoning of zir- cons indicates a typical magmatic origin,and the results of dating show that the volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation were formed in Early Cretaceous (121.5 ±1.0 Ma)． The features of major and trace elements show that the rocks are alkali-rich,poor in calcium and magnesium with enrichment in LILEs like Th,U,K and Gd and depletion in HFSEs,e.g. Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti． The fact implies that they were the products of partial melting of the crust． εHf(t) = ( +6.30--+9.06) and TDM2=600--835 Ma,suggest the magma originated from par- tial melting of the young crust． Combined with the evolution of regional tectonic structure,the authors conclude that the acidic volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation may be formed under the extensional environment relat- ed to the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate．     

Sedimentary environment of Middle Permian Zhesi Formation in Solon area of Inner Mongolia

Through a sampling analysis of trace elements and ＲEE in the section of Middle Permian Zhesi For- mation in Solon area of Inner Mongolia,it is found that the overall sandstone and mudstone samples are charac- terized by LＲEE-enrichment． By analysis of the discriminant index of the sedimentary environment,the tectonic setting of Zhesi Formation is determined to be a continental island arc environment． Meanwhile,according to the sedimentary structure and lithology combination,Zhesi Formation is divided into the neritic-bathyal reten- tion-reduction environment as well as the delta front and prodelta sedimentary systems．     

松辽盆地深层断陷沙河子组烃源岩分布预测与生气潜力

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组是深层断陷的主要烃源岩发育层系,目前钻井揭示其厚度大（＞700 m）,埋藏深（＞3500 m）,但钻井大都分布于深层断陷的边部,断陷内部烃源岩层揭示少。根据断陷结构样式及地震反射特征,总结出单断箕状断陷和双断地堑式断陷两种沙河子组烃源岩发育模式,并确定深层烃源岩主要有五种存在形式。断陷中部席状平行结构、成层性、连续性好的地震反射特征的烃源岩最为落实,主要为深湖-半深湖相,暗色泥岩厚度大,暗地比高（45％～70％）。深层沙河子组烃源岩总生气量约148.38×1012 m3,天然气资源潜力巨大。     

基于地理加权回归的吉林省人口城镇化动力机制分析

以吉林省各县域(市辖区)为基本单元,借助第六次人口普查和统计年鉴的相关数据,结合地理加权回归模型和空间自相关分析方法,讨论人口城镇化水平和国有动力、非国有动力、农业动力及外向动力等因素的空间相关关系,并以此解释人口城镇化分县域(市辖区)差异的影响因素。结果表明:国有动力对吉林省人口城镇化的影响作用最大,影响强度由中北部向西南、东南两个方向递减;农业动力和非国有动力分居二、三位,但差别不明显。其中农业动力的影响强度由西北向东南方向递减,非国有动力的影响强度由东南向西北递减;外向动力对人口城镇化的影响力较弱,影响强度各地区差别较大。吉林省人口城镇化未来发展应重视非国有动力的影响和农村现代化的作用;关注人口城镇化动力多元化,考虑实现错位发展和个性化发展。     

长三角制造业转型升级的粘性机理及其实现路径——基于“微笑曲线”成因的视角

利用"微笑曲线"指导制造业的转型升级已经成了众多研究者的选择,且得出的结论基本都是制造业要转型升级就要向两端攀升,而对"微笑曲线"成因的研究则较为鲜见。用创新论、劳动论、市场论阐释了"微笑曲线"的成因,并以此作为突破影响长三角制造业转型升级粘性的基础理论,指出长三角制造业转型升级的路径为:遵循竞争优势理论,针对应该重点发展的制造业,根据劳动的复杂程度以及产品是否有标准接口对制造业进行分类,继续做好做优精细复杂的行业、转移出去粗放简单的行业,同时,还应该积极促进产业融合,发展新兴产业,在积累的基础上实现转型升级。     

南黄海盆地南五凹阜宁组“广湖咸水”烃源岩及其油气勘探意义

通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。