基于农户行为的耕地质量评价指标体系 构建的理论与方法

从农户土地利用目标变化相关理论出发, 依据在不同经济发展阶段下, 农户土地利用目 标的产量最大化、产量与利润最优化和利润最大化三个阶段的变化特征, 创建了基于农户土地利 用目标变化的“压力- 状态- 效应- 响应”逻辑框架模型; 并据不同经济发展阶段下的“压力- 状态- 效应- 响应”的变化特征, 构建了基于农户土地利用目标变化的耕地质量评价指标体系。这一评价 指标体系的建立为我国在不同经济发展阶段下, 从农户尺度上进行耕地质量保护提供政策依据。     

沙漠绿洲多功能高分子植物生长调节剂籽瓜增产和品质改善研究

选择适合当地土壤和生态环境特点的优质高产籽瓜品种——新籽瓜1号,进行甘肃省武威市民勤沙漠绿洲多功能高分子植物生长调节剂籽瓜根部追施增产和品质改善试验研究。结果显示,施用产品不但有利于籽瓜的营养和生殖生长,增加瓜径3%~5%、提高产量11.5%,而且显著改善籽瓜的品质,提高其粗蛋白和维生素B1、B2含量,分别比对照增加1.80%和29.41%、14.29%,因而产生较好的经济效益,净增产值358.95~580.95元·hm-2。     

深厚软土地基爆破挤淤效果检测方法及应用实例

爆破挤淤抛石置换断面的结构分层特点及电磁参数差异具备探地雷达检测的基本物理前提。通过浙江洞头某海涂围堤的检测表明,对于底部深度达35 m左右的深厚抛石层,可采用16 MHz低频天线和合适的测试参数探测,查明落底深度、宽度以及腰部宽度等堤身参数,突破探地雷达检测深厚抛石层的局限性。其底部泥石混合层难以识别。     

公路软基施工质量综合控制方法

根据大量公路软基处理的施工实践,提出了公路软基处理施工质量的综合控制方法。实践表明,从软基处理的施工机械、原材料、施工安排、施工过程、施工效率、成品检验、制度威慑等方面进行公路软基施工质量综合控制是有效的,也是必要的。     

Legacies from three former manufactured-gas plants: impacts on groundwater quality

Groundwater contamination due to accidental releases of mono- and polycyclic aromatic compounds (MAHs and PAHs) from decommissioned manufactured-gas plants is an ongoing and litigious problem. The MAHs and PAHs are derived from coal tar, which was a by-product of the gas-manufacturing process. While originally designed to contain coal tar, the manufactured-gas plant structures that remain today have often degraded over time and are not completely leak-proof. Over a period of many years, subsurface water has seeped into and out of the structures, resulting in groundwater contamination. This was particularly true once the tops of the structures were removed. In this study, process-based simulations were conducted to estimate the groundwater-quality impacts of accidental releases of dissolved naphthalene (C₁₀H₈) from the sites of three former manufactured-gas plants. The results from one-dimensional, transient, unsaturated, near-surface fluid-flow and solute-transport simulations served as input to three-dimensional saturated subsurface fluid-flow and solute-transport simulations. The simulation results and sensitivity analysis reported here indicate that accidental releases of naphthalene had significant, negative impacts on groundwater quality at each of the three sites. Electronic Publication     

中巴地球资源卫星在辽东区域环境监测中的应用评价研究

对中巴资源一号卫星 CCD传感器接收的辽宁省营口幅数据 ,从几何精度、空间分辨率、数据噪声等方面 ,进行了图像数据质量评价 ,认为从总体上讲 ,达到了设计要求 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ,同时指出 ,CCD传感器在稳定性和同一性方面尚需改进     

Local government, local economic development and quality of life in Poland

The establishment of local self-government was a key part of the post-1989 transformation in East and Central Europe. Local government in both Western and East and Central Europe has increasingly been expected to play a role in local economic development (LED). Local government is one important agent in the complex processes of building 'institutional thickness' to ensure the development of local economies and the quality of life of inhabitants. This paper presents the results of a national postal questionnaire survey of the LED role of the lowest level of local self-government in Poland, the gmina or commune. The paper establishes a baseline of knowledge regarding: the local economic problems faced by communes; their attitudinal, strategic and organisational responses; and the main factors which are hindering the communes' LED role. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可持续发展能力“资产负债表”理论解析

论述了制订区域可持续发展能力“资产负债表”的意义。从可持续发展系统学研究方向,对区域可持续发展能力作了系统解析。提出了制订区域可持续发展能力“资产负债表”的基本原理与基本方法,进一步设计了区域可持续发展能力“资产”与“负债”的计量方法。“资产负债表”的制定为开展区域“发展质量”精确评判奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

Environmental impact assessment on water quality deterioration caused by the decreased Ganges outflow and saline water intrusion in south-western Bangladesh

 This paper deals with an environmental impact assessment of low water flow in the river Ganges during a dry period at the Khulna and Mongla port areas in south-western Bangladesh. Large-scale surface water withdrawal in India after commissioning the Farakka Barrage causes a drastic fall in the Ganges low-flow condition within the Bangladesh territory during every dry period. The average lowest discharge in the Ganges is 552 m³/s, which is about 73% less than that in the pre-Farakka time. This has caused the deterioration of both surface and groundwater quality of the study area. Salinity is the principal cause of water quality degradation in the area. Present observation shows that the surface water of the area is sulphate-chloride dominated, which signifies high salinity whereas the groundwater is categorized as of medium to high salinity. To maintain the Rupsa River's maximum salinity below 1000 μS/cm the discharge in the Ganges should be ∼1500 m³/s, whereas that at Garai basin is ∼10 m³/s. If this present situation continues it will be a crippling blow to the environment of the area in the long term. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to hydrogeological research is urgently required to salvage the area from further deterioration. Received: 9 August 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 2000     

Lake and reservoir water quality affected by metals leaching from tropical soils, Bangladesh

 The release of metals during weathering has been studied in order to assess its geochemical controls and possible effects on environmental health in Bangladesh. A total of 27 soil samples and 7 surface water samples were collected from four locations covering three major regions in the country. Results show that weathering effects are a strong function of climatic conditions. Surface waters are typically enriched in Al, Mg, Ca, Na, K, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The solubility of metal ions, organometallic complexes, co-precipitation or co-existence with the colloidal clay fraction are the main processes that lead to metal enrichment in lake and reservoir water. Aluminium concentrations exceed World Health Organization (WHO) drinking-water standards in all samples, and in two regions, arsenic concentrations also significantly exceed WHO standards. The elevated levels of As indicate that arsenic contamination of water supplies in Bangladesh is not confined to groundwater. Received: 4 June 1999 · Accepted: 17 August 1999