素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤变形破坏模式

为了分析素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降变形特征和失稳破坏机制,建立了3组不同桩间距的素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤离心试验模型及其数值模型。结果表明：在路堤填土自重、轨道和车辆荷载作用下,改变桩间距对素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降变形、桩体应变、加筋垫层和桩体破坏模式具有显著的影响;当桩间距不大于4倍桩径时,加筋垫层整体基本保持完好,路堤下素混凝土桩复合地基沉降能逐渐趋于稳定,而桩间距达到6倍桩径后,桩顶刺穿加筋垫层,加筋垫层对桩土变形协调和传递荷载作用失效,素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降持续增大;当桩间距达到4倍桩径时,素混凝土桩最大应变值发生随上部荷载的增大反而减小的突变现象,最靠近坡脚的素混凝土桩最先产生弯曲破坏而不是剪切破坏,当桩间距增大至6倍桩径时,桩体弯曲破坏逐渐往路堤中心方向发展。     

峰后围压卸载对原煤变形和渗透特性的影响

运用自主研制的煤岩热-流-固耦合试验系统,以原煤为研究对象,进行峰后轴压保持在不同应力水平下围压的卸载试验,以分析围压卸载对原煤变形特性和渗透特性的影响。研究结果表明：通过径向应变 、轴向应变 和体应变 的不可恢复变形量以及三者在力加载过程中的响应程度来定义损伤变量,满足损伤变量的变化区间[0, 1],并以此计算煤样在卸载过程中的损伤量,得到在峰后轴压 保持不变,对围压 进行卸载时,损伤量D随着 的减小而增大,煤样的损伤程度越来越大;当轴压卸荷到不同应力时,煤样的渗透率随围压卸载次数的增加而增大,表明当 减小时, 对渗透率的影响越来越重要,同时煤样内部的孔隙裂隙以发育、扩展、延伸为主。此外,渗透率k在 卸载初期,几乎不增加;当 继续卸载时, 开始增大,并且斜率越来越大,表明煤样的损伤加剧。当保持 不变,对 进行卸载时,相当于摩尔应力圆半径增大,煤样向破坏的趋势发展,发生二次破坏的可能性增大。随着 的卸载,卸围压前 越大,摩尔应力圆半径越大,煤样的承载能力就越弱,更易发生煤样的二次破坏,表现在煤样的轴向应变 和径向应变 发生突变。     

三维应力状态下粗粒料强度特性试验研究

粗粒料所处的应力状态具有随时间和空间而变的特点,往往处于较复杂的三维应力状态下。通过粗粒料大型真三轴各向等压固结等比例加载试验,研究了不同中主应力系数条件下粗粒料的强度特性。试验结果表明：中主应力对粗粒料的强度有重要影响,三维应力状态下,粗粒料的强度比常规三轴应力状态下有较大提高,大小主应力之差与大主应变关系曲线也更加陡峭;中主应力系数b从0增大到0.25时,破坏时大小主应力之差增加了39%～50%;摩尔–库仑强度参数咬合力c和内摩擦角? 均随着中主应力系数b的增大而增大,其中咬合力c的增长较为显著,特别是b从0增大到0.25时;相同小主应力条件下,b = 0时,破坏偏应力与球应力之比最小,b = 0.25时,破坏应力比达到最大值,随着b的增大破坏应力比又有所减小;相同中主应力系数条件下,随着小主应力的增大,破坏应力比逐渐减小。     

凌海花岗岩变形特点与脆性评价

以凌海花岗岩为研究对象,进行了一系列常规三轴高压试验,研究了花岗岩的变形特点及脆性演化规律。基于试验结果,分析了不同围压下的全应力-应变曲线,探讨了静态应变采集试验中花岗岩表面变形特点、峰前损伤规律及其与裂隙扩展的关系,总结了动态采集试验中典型的裂纹扩展模式,并基于改进的峰后能量平衡法评价岩石的脆性。研究结果表明：多应变片静态采集三轴试验中岩样不同位置变形规律差异明显,压缩应变较大的区域往往是裂隙产生、扩展的位置;动态应变采集三轴试验中识别了3种典型的裂隙扩展模式,且与应力加载方式存在一定联系;在70 MPa围压范围内,岩样都表现出明显的脆性破坏特征,其脆性指数随围压增加呈现出先减小后增加再减小的变化趋势。该研究成果对进一步开展其他硬岩的变形破坏机制研究和地下工程的稳定性分析具有一定参考价值。     

基于数值流形法的重力坝水力劈裂研究

运用数值流形法在非连续介质领域的独特优势,并结合断裂力学的基本原理,分析了重力坝的水力劈裂破坏问题,实现了重力坝起裂、扩展和渐进破坏的全过程。充分发挥应力强度因子判别法和带抗拉强度的摩尔-库仑破坏准则各自的优势,根据不同情况选取其中某种方法确定断裂和扩展方向,且不需要预制初始裂纹。选取一个算例两种工况分析了重力坝在不考虑裂纹面内水压力和考虑裂纹面内水压力的水力劈裂破坏情况。计算结果表明,在重力坝的水力劈裂中,当不考虑裂纹面内水压力时,坝踵处裂纹向下游和深部扩展,上游折坡点处裂纹属于压剪型破坏;当考虑裂纹面内水压力时,坝踵处裂纹偏向深度方向扩展,折坡点处的裂纹逐渐由压剪破坏变成了拉剪破坏,并且考虑裂纹面内水压力后坝体破坏所需要的时步减少,故而考虑裂纹面内水后降低了重力坝的安全系数。该方法加深了对重力坝水力劈裂破坏的认识,具有较大的实际应用价值。     

裂隙充填影响巴西圆盘抗拉力学特性试验研究

裂隙是影响岩石力学特性和破裂模式最重要的因素之一,通过试验、数字照相技术和声发射监测对完整和含不同裂隙倾角 单裂隙、不同岩桥与裂隙夹角 双裂隙充填与非充填类岩石材料巴西圆盘的抗拉强度和破裂模式进行研究,探讨了随着 、 的不断变化和裂隙充填与否对试样最终破坏机制的影响。试验结果表明：（1）随着裂隙倾角 不断增大,单裂隙试样的抗拉强度先减小后增大,然后又减小;预制裂隙尖端萌生的翼裂纹贯通造成试样破坏;（2）双裂隙试样的抗拉强度随着 的增大先减小后增大;预制裂隙尖端萌生的翼裂纹和远场裂纹的扩展导致试样破坏;（3）在 、 相同的情况下,充填试样抗拉强度明显要高于非充填试样;预制裂隙充填与否对试样裂纹扩展的时间和裂纹数目影响较大;（4）加载初期,声发射较为平稳;宏观裂纹出现或者抗拉强度跌落时声发射将会变的异常活跃;在 、 相同的情况下充填试样声发射的起伏变化更为剧烈。     

An empirical model for flexible pipe armor wire lateral buckling failure load

The current scenario of oil production in ultra deep waters challenges the design of flexible pipes since they have to withstand high pressures, temperatures and dynamic loads during operation. Amongst the known failure mechanisms in flexible pipes, armor wire lateral buckling is of uttermost importance as there is no undisputable model for its prediction. In this work, compressive failure load for tensile armor lateral buckling is calculated for a sample of 29 flexible pipes based on the resolution of a numerical model that considers force and moment equilibrium conditions and geometric compatibility relations from differential geometry concepts. The obtained results are fitted on an equation via symbolic regression. Thus, a simple empirical model to predict compressive failure load is proposed as a function of the radius of tensile armor, wire lay angle and torsional, normal and binormal bending stiffness of the wire cross section. The model assumes the absence of frictional distributed forces in the wire and curvature of the flexible pipe, therefore it provides conservative results. For the 29 flexible pipe sample, the mean absolute percentage error of the empirical results in view of the numerical results was 0.6%.     

Three-dimensional poro-elastic integrated model for wave and current-induced oscillatory soil liquefaction around an offshore pipeline

To obtain a better understanding of the oscillatory soil liquefaction around an offshore pipeline, a three-dimensional integrated model for the wave–seabed–pipeline interaction (WSPI) is proposed by combining the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations for flow simulations and the dynamic Biot’s equation (“u-p” approximation) for the poro-elastic seabed model. Compared with previous investigations, the wave–current interaction is included in the present WSPI system. At a given time step, the wave pressure extracted from the flow model is applied on the seabed surface to determine the corresponding oscillatory seabed response around an offshore pipeline. The integrated numerical model is first validated using previous laboratory experiments. Then, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of flow obliquity and pipeline burial depth on the soil response around an offshore pipeline. Numerical results indicate that the soil under the pipeline is more susceptible to liquefaction at a reduced flow obliquity and pipeline burial depth. Moreover, the liquefaction depth in the case where the wave travels along the current can increase by 10%–30% compared to that in the case where the wave travels against the current, when the magnitude of the current velocity is 1 m/s.     

Efficient subset simulation for evaluating the modes of improbable slope failure

For analyzing low probability slope failures, a modified version of subset simulation, based on performance-based subset selection rather than the usual probability-based subset selection, is combined with the random finite element method. The application to an idealized slope is used to study the efficiency and consistency of the proposed method compared to classical Monte Carlo simulations and the shear strength reduction (SSR) method. Results demonstrate that failure events taking place without strength reduction have different modes of failure than stable slopes brought to failure by SSR. The correlation between sliding volume and factor of safety is also demonstrated.     

Slope stability analysis by polar slice method in rotational failure mechanism

In this paper, a polar slice method is proposed to quantify the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass and evaluate the slope stability in rotational failure mechanism. The polar slice method is compared with the vertical slice method. Despite similar results, the advantages of the polar slice method are explained. Besides, the comparison between the polar slice method and Chen’s method shows that the polar slice method would lead to more accurate results than Chen’s method, while Chen’s method which neglects the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass is relatively conservative.