1998年长江流域洪水与海温异常关系的数值模拟研究

用IAP／LASG GOALS模式对1998年长江流域洪水与太平洋和印度洋海表温度异常之间的关系进行了数值模拟研究。利用观测的全年海表温度，模式能再现1998年夏季长江流域的暴雨，模式也能再现观测的1998年夏季西太平洋副高异常的基本特征。设计了一系列不同海区和不同时段的海温异常的敏感性试验。试验结果表明：印度洋海温异常是造成1998年长江流域洪水的主要因子；印度洋和西太平洋海温异常与西太副高的异常有更紧密的关系；夏季海表温度异常对1998年长江流域暴雨和西太副高异常的作用与冬春海温异常的作用相比要大得多。     

2017-2019年东莞城区内涝特征及与降雨关系分析

利用东莞城市内涝预报验证系统的积水和降雨数据、SWIFT自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料、广州雷达基本反射率资料,对2017年3月-2019年9月东莞城区内涝特征及内涝与降雨的关系进行分析,结果表明:东莞城区内涝发生频繁,重度内涝较多,内涝事件多发生在前汛期(4-6月),以5月最多;与长时间降雨相比,短时强降雨更易导致城...     

北太平洋海温的气候跃度及其对中国汛期降水的影响

应用滑动Ｔ检验方法对北太平洋海温１０年际的气候跃变进行了研究，指出在７０年代末至８０年代初确实存在着一次明显的气候跃变，而跃变前后北太产洋海温结构，厄尔尼诺事件的发展过程都明显不同，进而讨论了北太平洋海温跃变前后对我国６－８月汛期降水量的影响，指出海温跃变前我国汛期降水量在东北地区偏少，华北偏多，长江流域偏水，华南偏多，而跃变后则相反。     

2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征及其成因分析

分析2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征，认为副高脊线位置偏南和相对稳定、西脊点偏西以及三次南北和东西振荡的中短期活动过程，是2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的主要特征，符合江淮流域洪涝年份副高活动的统计规律。利用动力学理论和天气学原理，进一步分析和探讨2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的成因和机制。研究结果不仅证实了副高已有的研究结果，还揭示出副高与西风带系统和副热带急流活动之间新的特征关系。     

陕西及我国东部区域气候变化研究

利用我国500多年旱涝资料,分析陕西及其东部区域历史上发生的旱涝周期及气候突变,发现陕西旱涝存在22年、169年左右的变化周期,陕西1645年左右发生过气候突变,分别比华北地区早6～7年,比华东地区早40～50年。同时分析近50年气候资料发现,陕西及东部地区降水均存在着一定的周期变化,且变化有所差异。定义了陕北区域旱涝指数,在未来十年,陕北地区旱涝变化趋势是正常偏旱。     

北半球副热带—中纬度太平洋大气季节内扰动的纬向传播与东亚夏季旱涝

用时空滤波和Morlet小波方法,分析了1958—2000年夏季东亚(20°—45°N,110°—135°E)不同纬带(由南到北分为4个区域)的降水分别与太平洋同一纬带上大气30—60 d振荡(ISO)沿纬圈传播的关系及其成因机制。发现太平洋上经向风ISO向西传播的强或弱,是东亚夏季风区降水偏多或偏少的必要条件。对逐年夏季的分析表明,无论当年东亚夏季风强与否,在所划分的几个东亚季风区所有涝的年份里,太平洋同一纬带上大气ISO向西传播都明显较强,而在这些区域绝大多数旱的年份里,相应的ISO向西传播明显较弱。进一步分析发现,经向风ISO的纬向传播对应着大气经向型环流系统的移动,向西传影响东亚夏季风区降水的ISO有来自低纬中东太平洋东风流中的低频气旋(如副热带东风带中ISO的演变);也有来自中高纬度阿拉斯加湾及鄂霍次克海一带低频低压(如洋中槽)和高压(如阻塞高压和东北太平洋高压)的向南向西频散。因此东亚夏季旱涝不但与热带季风有关,而且与中东太平洋副热带东风系统中ISO的向西传播、中高纬度长波调整时低频扰动向西南经北太平洋副热带的传播密切相关。     

1998年7月20~21日武汉地区梅雨锋上突发性中-β系统的发生发展分析

1998年7月21日鄂东南地区出现特大暴雨，其中武汉市出现1 h降水量超过88 mm的突发性大暴雨（简称“98.7”大暴雨）。通过诊断分析发现:武汉地区的“98.7”突发性大暴雨是中-β尺度系统强烈发展引起的；在暴雨发生前武汉附近整个对流层大气积聚了大量的水汽，整个层结接近饱和，并且蕴涵着大量对流有效位能（CAPE）；中-β尺度系统形成后停滞少动数小时，使中-β系统区域积累大量的可降水，引起“98.7”突发性强暴雨。     

Toward Understanding the Extreme Floods over Yangtze River Valley in June?July 2020: Role of Tropical Oceans※

The extreme floods in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV) during June?July 2020 caused more than 170 billion Chinese Yuan direct economic losses. Here, we examine the key features related to this extreme event and explore relative contributions of SST anomalies in different tropical oceans. Our results reveal that the extreme floods over the MLYRV were tightly related to a strong anomalous anticyclone persisting over the western North Pacific, which brought tropical warm moisture northward that converged over the MLYRV. In addition, despite the absence of a strong El Ni?o in 2019/2020 winter, the mean SST anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean during June?July 2020 reached its highest value over the last 40 years, and 43％ (57％) of it is attributed to the multi-decadal warming trend (interannual variability). Based on the NUIST CFS1.0 model that successfully predicted the wet conditions over the MLYRV in summer 2020 initiated from 1 March 2020 (albeit the magnitude of the predicted precipitation was only about one-seventh of the observed), sensitivity experiment results suggest that the warm SST condition in the Indian Ocean played a dominant role in generating the extreme floods, compared to the contributions of SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent, central and eastern equatorial Pacific, and North Atlantic. Furthermore, both the multi-decadal warming trend and the interannual variability of the Indian Ocean SSTs had positive impacts on the extreme floods. Our results imply that the strong multi-decadal warming trend in the Indian Ocean needs to be taken into consideration for the prediction/projection of summer extreme floods over the MLYRV in the future.     

Tropical Stratospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall

Interannual variability of both SW monsoon (June-September) and NE monsoon (October-December) rainfall over subdivisions of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and Tamil Nadu have been examined in relation to monthly zonal wind anomaly for 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa at Balboa (9°N, 80°W) for the 29 year period (1958-1986). Correlations of zonal wind anomalies to SW monsoon rainfall (r = 0.57, significant at 1% level) is highest with the longer lead time (August of the previous year) at 10 hPa level suggesting some predictive value for Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The probabilities estimated from the contingency table reveal non-occurrence of flood during easterly wind anomalies and near non-occurrence of drought during westerly anomalies for August of the previous year at 10 hPa which provides information for forecasting of performance of SW monsoon over Coastal Andhra Pradesh. However, NE monsoon has a weak relationship with zonal wind anomalies of 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa for Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Raya     

The 2020 Summer Floods and 2020/21 Winter Extreme Cold Surges in China and the 2020 Typhoon Season in the Western North Pacific

China experienced significant flooding in the summer of 2020 and multiple extreme cold surges during the winter of 2020/21. Additionally, the 2020 typhoon season had below average activity with especially quiet activity during the first half of the season in the western North Pacific(WNP). Sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans all contributed to the heavy rainfall in China, but the Atlantic and Indian Oceans seem to have played dominant roles. Enhancement and movement of the Siberian High caused a wavier pattern in the jet stream that allowed cold polar air to reach southward, inducing cold surges in China. Large vertical wind shear and low humidity in the WNP were responsible for fewer typhoons in the first half of the typhoon season. Although it is known that global warming can increase the frequency of extreme weather and climate events, its influences on individual events still need to be quantified.Additionally, the extreme cold surge during 16–18 February 2021 in the United States shares similar mechanisms with the winter 2020/21 extreme cold surges in China.