Impact of Two "El Niño" Events of Different Intensity on the Hypoxic Soft Bottom Macrobenthos off the Central Peruvian wast

Abstract. Monthly changes in the community structure of hypoxic soft-bottom macrobenthos have been studied at a station at 34 m depth in Ancón Bay (Peru) before and during two El Niño (EN) events. Of these events, 1982-83 is considered the strongest, and 1991–93 one of the most prolonged in the 20th century. On the oceanographic scale, EN 1982–83 ranges as "very strong", whereas EN 1991–93 ranges as "moderate".
The thermal anomalies at the station during EN 1982–83 (+ 7.8 °C) were almost twice those of EN 1991–93 (+ 4.1 °C). However, the community changes were not in all cases proportional to the extent of warming. Species numbers increased in a similar way (up to 24 species from near zero in each of the two events), but maximum faunal density was five times higher, and mean biomass was twice as high in 1982–83 compared with the event a decade later. Species diversity was slightly higher during EN 1982–83, whereas successional and trophic changes occurred on a broader scale during EN 1991–93. On the whole, the impact of the long-lasting event on the small soft-bottom macrofauna was not much weaker than that of the exceptionally strong event.
The authors discuss the mechanisms which may be responsible for the differences and similarities encountered in the benthic community dynamics during these two events. Both in the unusually strong and the unusually long EN, the community revealed a pattern of early biological response several months ahead of the onset of local warming which marks the official begin of EN. The question is addressed to what extent the increase of certain parameters in the benthic community could be used for predictive purposes.     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.     

ENSO对MJO传播特征演变的影响

利用TRMM降水和ERA-Interim温度、比湿、环流场等再分析资料, 探讨了在1998-2018年冬季年际尺度海温变化对MJO的强度、结构和传播特征的影响。主要结论如下: 通过一种追踪MJO的方法在研究时间范围内共可挑选出50个MJO事件, 其中有14个MJO事件发生在El Ni?o期间, 25个发生在La Ni?a期间, 11个发生在ENSO正常年。El Ni?o年MJO会传播至更远的中东太平洋附近, 而La Ni?a年MJO事件趋于在西太平洋地区消亡, 这主要与东太平洋地区持续的季节内尺度的经向水汽输送有关。此外, 在印度洋和太平洋地区, El Ni?o年的MJO活动更强, 而在海洋性大陆附近, La Ni?a年的MJO活动略强一些。ENSO对MJO强度的影响主要通过影响MJO对流中心东侧水汽的输送, 水汽在异常东风气流的输送下穿过对流中心东边界进入对流中心, 进而造成MJO活动强度的差异。      

日照市岚山区土地利用现状分析

分析了岚山区耕地、园地、林地、居民点及独立工矿用地、交通用地、水利设施用地和未利用地的数量结构,总结出土地利用空间分布3个片区的特点,在分析土地利用现状的基础上,找出土地利用中存在的问题,并提出合理利用土地的建议。     

黄陵穹隆周缘岩溶水流系统特征及成因

岩溶水流系统特征研究有助于地下水资源的合理评价和开发利用。借鉴水文学的研究方法,统计并量化了典型岩溶水流系统的空间特征以及其水文动态响应、温度场和电导率特征。划分了扇状、树枝状、平行状、梳状4种地下水系来综合反映岩溶水流系统的地表-地下岩溶特征,前两者主管道垂直于地层走向,构造裂隙起汇水作用,后两者主管道平行于地层走向,层面裂隙起汇水作用。黄陵穹隆西北翼、西翼和南翼以平行状和树枝状为主,东翼和北翼则以扇状水系和平行状水系为主。不同地下水系结构的形成及区域差异与含水系统和水系的空间关系和级次性密切相关,并表现出不同的动态特征。扇状和平行状岩溶水流系统对降雨响应最为敏感,而梳状水系岩溶水流系统响应和衰减过程最慢;基于岩溶地下水温度与出露高程和循环深度显著相关的关系建立了鄂西山区地下水温度线。这一基础性研究可为岩溶地下水流系统研究和当地工程实践提供一定的理论支持。     

长江三峡狮子口重力滑动构造

围绕着长江三峡库处区狮子口ＮＮＷ向线性影像带的构造性及其地壳稳定性评价问题进行了专题研究，以区域地质调查为基础，运用构造解析方法，采用多学科，多手段的综合研究，确认该影像带影像特征最明显的地段乃是一个滑褶型多层式得力滑动构造，本文还分析了该系统形成的介质条件，斜坡构造及动力环境。     

龙门山中段埃姆斯期群落分析及生态环境模式

龙门山中段白石－长河坝大型飞来峰泥盆纪地层发育,埃姆斯划分为四个古生物群落,配方详细分析了养马坝组Ｚｄｍｉｒ群落和Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落的生物组成、丰度、生活方式及生态环境,首次发现龙门山区以Ｚｄｍｉｒ－属为主的生物群受生态环境控制明显,可以出现有Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落之下,其时代属晚埃姆斯期,并建立早泥盆世埃姆斯期群落的生态环境模式。     

克拉玛依科博馆倾斜结构抗震设计

结合克拉玛依市科技博物馆工程,对超限倾斜结构设定性能设计目标,并针对性能目标提出抗震措施及抗震构造措施.考虑结构材料的非线性属性,采用静力非线性分析方法,分析倾斜框架-剪力墙结构在地震作用下的响应,尤其是结构在罕遇地震作用下的非线性动力特性.结果表明,结构在罕遇地震下也是安全可靠的,剪力墙尚处在弹性范围,未出现塑性铰,...     

2001年施甸地震地质背景与发震构造分析

在讨论地震地质背景基础上,综合分析了震区的深部构造、地表活动断裂、地面形变、极震区展布方向、震害、余震分布、震源机制解等发震构造标志,并且进一步探讨了发震机制。初步认为北北西向罗明坝－太平断裂和北东向飞陵－丙麻断裂是2001年施甸地震的主要发震构造,二者具有共回轭构造活动的特征。     

水库水文情势与浮游植物群落结构

综述和讨论了当前水库水文情势对浮游植物群落的影响研究,主要是水文情势对浮游植物数量、种类组成、物种多样性和群落的空间格局包括垂直和水平分布以及群落演替的影响.