地质对象表面模型的矢量缓冲区分析算法及其在矿产资源定量评价中的应用

基于GIS的三维隐伏矿体成矿预测是矿产预测评价领域研究的热点问题,而构建三维数字矿床模型则是解决该问题的重要手段之一。目前,在构建三维数字矿床模型方面,仍有大量问题亟待解决,特别是基于三维空间分析构建找矿标志的三维模型方面尤为突出。三维缓冲区分析是三维空间分析的基本内容。目前在成矿预测研究中,通常使用地质对象的栅格模型表达其缓冲区,但其存在耗时、不精确、可视化效果相对较差的缺点。本文提出缓冲区分析方法,具有快速、精确、矢量化的特点,由地质对象的离散化入手,通过改进的带符号的欧氏距离变换方法和精确的光滑曲面重构算法,最终获得使用以矢量表达的地质对象的三维缓冲区(带)。基于多个矿区实际的三维地质模型,从三维可视化、优度与等距性分析等方面开展两种模型的对比实验,结果表明,矢量缓冲区分析在三维可视化、计算精度及其算法扩展性方面比栅格缓冲区模型更加适合三维隐伏矿体的定位与定量预测。     

西华井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价

在西华井田勘探基础上,利用水质分析测试资料,采用水质污染综合评价指数法,对该井田勘探区的水环境现状进行了评价。从评价结果看：地表水、浅层水及深层地下水全部符合生活饮用水标准,受污染程度轻,随矿区开采进程加剧,应加强对浅层地下水的管理及合理利用,避免矿井生产对水源带来污染。     

基于最优极化特征组合的SAR影像湿地分类

快速、准确的湿地地物分类是实现湿地精准监测的基础。为进一步研究湿地地物显著极化特征对分类结果的影响,提出了基于最优极化特征组合的SAR影像湿地分类方法。该方法利用箱型图等方式,在特征选择因子等准则下从多种极化分解方法选择最优极化特征进行组合,并在此基础上实现分类。首先,为了简化极化合成孔径雷达（Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, PolSAR）影像并降低其斑点噪声,对互易处理后的极化SAR影像进行多视化和精致Lee滤波。然后,进行6种极化分解,得到多种极化特征。再之,利用箱型图、Cloude-Pottier平面散点图和均值散点图详尽分析上述极化特征和双台河口湿地典型地物散射机制间的相关性,并据此在特征选择因子、特征判断因子、H/α平面等和均值标准差的准则下选择最优极化特征组合。最后,以上述最优极化特征组合为输入,设计支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类器,实现湿地的最优分类。本文以辽宁省盘锦市辽河入海口双台河口湿地为例,采用2016年7月的C波段Radarsat-2全极化数据验证最优极化特征组合的有效性。结果表明：① Cloude-Pottier分解的H、A和α、MCSM （Multiple-Component Scattering Model ）分解的表面散射、Pauli分解的T₃₃与Yamaguchi3分解的表面散射和二面角散射为最优极化特征;② 使用最优极化特征组合不仅可以减少极化特征冗余,还可以提高各湿地地物的生产者精度、分类总精度及Kappa系数,其中各湿地地物的生产者精度提高1%~5%,分类的总精度可达到94.25%,Kappa系数达到93.63%。     

基于改进RANSAC算法的复杂建筑物屋顶点云分割

屋顶模型重建影响到建筑物完整模型重建质量,屋顶面点云分割质量对屋顶模型重建具有重要意义。针对传统RANSAC算法在屋顶点云面片分割时易产生错分割、过分割等问题,本文顾及点云位置信息,提出一种对点云重新分配的改进RANSAC点云分割算法。算法暂时剔除非平面内点,选取平面内点集中3个点作为初始样本,平面拟合判定邻域是否有效,从有效邻域中选取标准差值最小的3个点为初始模型。利用RANSAC算法对屋顶点云进行分割。利用K近邻算法统计误分类点与面片的距离降低误分类,优化过分割面片并进行连通性分析,利用距离及法向量一致性检验的方法重分配非平面内点。为验证本文算法有效性,选取芬兰Helsinki地区的3栋相互独立的复杂建筑物屋顶以及上海某小区的6栋建筑物群屋顶作为实验数据。在2组数据中,本文提出的改进RANSAC算法分割屋顶面片的平均准确率分别为92.17%、87.82%,78%的建筑物屋顶不存在过分割。在第2组数据中,所有分割面片上的点与其对应的最佳拟合平面的距离的标准差的平均值为0.030 m。实验结果表明,本文算法分割建筑物屋顶面片的准确率较高,较好的抑制了过分割现象,且抗噪能力强。     

Scale dependence in habitat selection: the case of the endangered brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain)

Animals select habitat resources at multiple spatial scales. Thus, explicit attention to scale dependency in species–habitat relationships is critical to understand the habitat suitability patterns as perceived by organisms in complex landscapes. Identification of the scales at which particular environmental variables influence habitat selection may be as important as the selection of variables themselves. In this study, we combined bivariate scaling and Maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to investigate multiscale habitat selection of endangered brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in northwest Spain. Bivariate scaling showed that the strength of apparent habitat relationships was highly sensitive to the scale at which predictor variables are evaluated. Maxent models on the optimal scale for each variable suggested that landscape composition together with human disturbances was dominant drivers of bear habitat selection, while habitat configuration and edge effects were substantially less influential. We found that explicitly optimizing the scale of habitat suitability models considerably improved single-scale modeling in terms of model performance and spatial prediction. We found that patterns of brown bear habitat suitability represent the cumulative influence of habitat selection across a broad range of scales, from local resources within habitat patches to the landscape composition at broader spatial scales.     

恩平24-2油田水平井钻井液技术研究

为满足恩平24-2油田水平井钻井工程和储层保护需要,通过实验研制出一种无固相快速弱凝胶钻井液体系.室内评价试验表明：该钻井液具有较高的动塑比和较高低剪切速率黏度（LSRV）,能有效克服水平井段携岩难、易形成岩屑床的问题.具有优异的抑制性和润滑性,且滤失量较小,具有较强的抗温、抗污染能力、井眼净化能力和储层保护能力.针对恩平24-2油田水平井采用裸眼完井工艺,研究了破胶剂JPC对钻井液及其滤饼的破胶性能,破胶剂JPC能有效解除聚合物对储层造成的污染.研究结果表明,该钻井液具有独特的流变性,维护简单,优异的储层保护性能和较好的可降解性,适用于恩平24-2油田水平井水平段的钻进.     

松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气成藏特征分析

松南气田位于松辽盆地南部长岭断陷中央隆起带达尔罕断凸带腰英台深层构造高部位.通过分析解剖烃源岩、输导等,认为松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气藏具有双向供烃的特征;达尔罕断裂是控制气藏规模的主断裂,它的开启与封闭直接决定天然气藏的形成保存及破坏散失.在典型气藏解剖的基础上,综合油气成藏条件,总结了成藏规律：多期生烃,北、西次凹供烃、近距离运移,长期运移指向、聚集,深层储盖组合匹配.     

Responses to two-way selection on growth in mass-spawned F1 progeny of Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say)

A bstract In the present study,the effect of one-generation divergent selection on the growth and survival of the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians concentricus)was examined to evaluate the effi cacy of a selection program currently being carried out in Beibu Bay in the South China Sea.A total of 146 adult scallops were randomly selected from the same cultured population of A.i.concentricus,and divided into two groups in shell length(anterior-posterior measurement): large(4.91–6.02 cm,n=74)and small(3.31–4.18 cm,n=72).At the same time,a control group was also randomly sampled(4.21–4.88 cm,n=80).Mass-spawned F 1 progenies from the three size groups were obtained and reared under identical conditions at all growth phases.The effects of two-way(or upward-downward)selection on fertilization rate,hatching rate,survival rate,daily growth in shell length and body weight were assessed in the three size groups.Results show that signifi cant differences(P0.01)were found in hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of F 1 progenies,but not in fertilization rate(P0.05),among the three groups.The hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of the progeny of large-sized parents were greater than those of the control group(P0.05),which in turn were larger than those of small-sized group(P0.05).Responses to selection by shell length and body weight were 0.32±0.04 cm and 2.18±0.05 g,respectively,for the upward selection,and-0.14±0.03 cm and-2.77±0.06 g,respectively,for the downward selection.The realized heritability estimates of shell length and body weight were 0.38±0.06 cm and 0.22±0.07 g for the upward selection,and 0.24±0.06 cm and 0.37±0.09 g for the downward selection,respectively.The change in growth by bidirectional selection suggests that high genetic variation may be present in the cultured bay scallop population in China.     

The impact of geomorphology of marsh creeks on fish assemblage in Changjiang River estuary

Tidal marshes are an important habitat and nursery area for fish. In the past few decades, rapid economic development in the coastal areas of China has led to the interruption and destruction of an increasing number of tidal marshes. The growing interest in tidal marsh restoration has increased the need to understand the relationship between geomorphological features and fish assemblages in the design of marsh restoration projects. We studied temporal variations in, and the effects of creek geomorphological features on, the estuarine tidal creek fish community. Using modified channel nets, we sampled fish monthly from March 2007 to February 2008 from seven tidal creeks along an intertidal channel system in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve. Fourteen creek geomorphological variables were measured or derived to characterize intertidal creek geomorphological features. The Gobiidae, with 10 species, was the most species- rich family. The most abundant fish species were Liza affinis, Chelon haematocheilus, and Lateolabrax maculatus. The fish community was dominated by juvenile marine transients, which comprised about 80% of the total catch. The highest abundance offish occurred in June and July, and the highest biomass occurred in December. Canonical redundancy analyses demonstrated that depth, steepness, cross-sectional area, and volume significantly affected the fish species assemblage. L. affinis favored small creeks with high elevations. Synechogobius ommaturus, Acanthogobius luridus, and Carassius auratus preferred deep, steep creeks with a large cross-sectional area and volume. These findings indicate that the geomorphological features of tidal creeks should be considered in the conservation and sustainable management of fish species and in the restoration of salt marshes.     

菲律宾蛤仔不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应及现实遗传力

对菲律宾蛤仔中的斑马蛤、黑斑马、白斑马三品系进行混合选择,测量了各实验组的壳长,计算了不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明:3个品系的上选组壳长均大于对照组,说明单向上选是行之有效的遗传改良方法。在不同的生长发育阶段,斑马蛤品系的选择反应(R)和现实遗传力(2Rh)出现阶段性变化,从平均水平上看,R在幼虫期为0.688±0.184,稚贝期为0.605±0.214,养成期为0.670±0.120;2Rh在幼虫期为0.392±0.081,稚贝期为0.344±088,养成期为0.380±0.058。从一周年的生长情况来看,三个品系总的R为0.654±0.179,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的R分别为0.655±0.155、0.525±0.116、0.782±0.170;三个品系总的2Rh为0.373±0.070,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的2Rh分别为0.372±0.042、0.300±0.028、0.445±0.031。不同品系间R和2Rh次序为白斑马斑马蛤黑斑马,说明各斑马蛤品系的选择效果是不同的,品系间存在着一定程度的遗传差异。