地下水位的地震场源兆特征研究

本文说明了“场兆”、“源兆”的概念及物理意义，并运用上前地下水位异常的常见模式，结合具体实例，分析了“场兆”和“源兆”在时间进程，空间分布，变化开矿和剧烈程度四个方面的不同特点。     

西藏与南亚地区大地水准面的场源及其动力效应初探

根据西藏与南亚地区重力大地水准面的分布，对其相应的场源作了分析．其中除分别来自地球表层的地质构造和深部的核幔起伏外，剩下的主要部分可能是由密度较小的地幔热柱所形成，地幔热柱中心位置处于东经８２°和纬度０°附近，这和该处的热流密度异常位置十分吻合．所反演的热柱有关参数：上顶深１００ｋｍ，下底深２８５０ｋｍ，半径１００ｋｍ，与周围地幔的密度差为３０ｋｇ／ｍ^３；另外，还讨论了在对流状态下该地幔热柱引起的动力效应，计算出对流速度和剪切力分别为４．８－４８ｃｍ／ａ和１１－１１０ＭＰａ，该力对我国岩石层应力场的构成和青藏高原的隆起有重要影响．     

湖南省核电厂侯选厂址的工程地质评价

１９９２年以来，湖南省电力勘测设计院在省内开展了核电普查选址工作，经过３年多的勘查，现已筛选出４个侯选厂址。作者著文探讨了这４个厂址的地震地质特征和工程地质条件，可供进一步选址参考     

Reservoir geochemistry of South Pass 61 Field, Gulf of Mexico: compositional heterogeneities reflecting filling history and biodegradation

Cluster analysis of GC data for gasoline and mid-range hydrocarbon ratios from fifty-one South Pass 61 Field oils reveals geochemically similar oil clusters corresponding to geographically coherent groups. Insight into the groupings is obtained from examination of indicators of geochemical processes, e.g., anaerobic biodegradation, aerobic biodegradation and extensive remigration of light ends. Six duplicate samples collected in 1986 and 1992 as well as replicate runs on a single sample showed excellent analytical reproducibility.Subtle but consistent differences in both gasoline and oil-range hydrocarbon maturity indicators are observed between the east, west, and far west flanks of the field, suggesting filling of different segments of the reservoir from different kitchens at slightly different stages of thermal maturity or with slightly different chemical character. The west flank of the salt dome was charged with slightly more thermally mature petroleum than the east flank. The stratigraphically oldest and deepest sand on the far west flank has received the most mature petroleum. Different fluid contacts and GORs are observed in different sands and different fault blocks. The stacked pay geometry of the field and widespread faulting have led to considerable remigration of gas and condensate as observed in other fields in the Gulf of Mexico (Thompson, 1987).Biodegradation varies in severity with depth and reservoir zone, but is frequently overprinted by remigration of light end hydrocarbons. Anaerobic biodegradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria is probably the cause of light to moderate alteration in intermediate depth Pliocene sands which are hydraulically connected to the salt dome (with dissolution of anhydrite from the salt dome providing the sulfate). Widespread late pyrite formation in reservoir sandstones is inferred to represent the ultimate sink for reduced sulfur from sulfate reduction during oil biodegradation. Co-produced water compositions suggest no oxygenated freshwater infusion.     

Annotated bibliography of methodology for assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources

An annotated bibliography of methodology of assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources is presented as a useful reference for those engaged in resource assessment. The articles that are included deal only with quantitative assessment of undiscovered or inferred resources. the articles in this bibliography are classified largely according to the major assessment method that was applied in each situation. Major assessment methods include areal and volumetric yield methods, field size distributions, historical extrapolation, deposit modeling, organic geochemical mass balance methods, and direct expert assessment. Other categories include mathematical tools, reserve growth/confirmation, quantitative characterization of undiscovered resources, and general topics. For the purpose of future updates, we solicit contributions of articles that may have been missed in the preparation of this bibliography.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田天然气混源的地球化学标志与评价

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气藏的气源问题是迄今尚有争议的重要问题。在前人大量研究的基础上，系统研究了该气田天然气混源的地球化学特征与标志，并利用多指标综合评价了气藏的气源。研究结果表明，鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气具有高一过成熟干气的组分和同位素特征。天然气的来源比较复杂，既有以石炭一二叠系来源为主的煤成气，又有以下古生界来源为主的油型气。该气田东部区块的天然气主要为煤成气，中部气田北部、西部及南部区块的天然气主要为油型气。     

Indicator Pattern Combination for Mineral Resource Potential Mapping with the General C-F Model

As an uncertain reasoning model, the general C-F model was originally developed for processing the uncertainties of rule-based knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence. In this model, certainty factors and combined certainty factors are defined and used for expressing the strengths of knowledge rules and knowledge rule combinations, respectively. The certainty factor can reflect the believable degree of inferring hypothesis on the basis of a proof. Similarly, the combined certainty factor can reflect the believable degree of inferring hypothesis on the basis of the proof combination. It is a function of the related certainty factors and can be determined through combining the certainty factors via the combining rule of the general C-F model. In this paper, the general C-F model has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping. We call this model as the applied form of the general C-F model. In this applied form, the certainty factor is applied to expressing the believable degree of inferring mineral occurrence on the basis of one of the map pattern states associated with the mineral occurrence. Correspondingly, the combined certainty factor is applied to expressing the believable degree of inferring the mineral occurrence on the basis of the map pattern state association. And it is also applied to expressing mineral resource potentials in the mineral resource potential mapping. In the current form, the first step in implementing the general C-F model is to estimate a pair of certainty factors for each map pattern under combination. The next step is to determine the combined certainty factor for the map pattern states coexisting in each locality of the mapping area. The last step is to generate the combined-certainty-factor raster map or the combined-certainty-factor contour map in order to select mineral resource targets. The applied form of the general C-F model is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights-of-evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.     

Field measurements of shear strength of an underconsolidated marine clay

This paper presents the observations of cone penetration testing (CPT), in situ vane shear testing and undrained triaxial testing of underconsolidated marine clay in the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area (CIDMMA), Norfolk, VA. Comparison of vane shear measurements, taken during 1981–1983, to CPT measurements, taken during 1993, indicates a change in undrained shear strength. Both the vane shear and cone penetration resistances are lowest at the mid-heights of the clay layers and the excess pore water pressures are highest at the mid-height of the clay layers, indicating that the clay layer is underconsolidated.     

论盐矿化学分析项目的合理选择

盐矿化学分析 ,对研究盐矿组分全貌 ,分析盐类沉积阶段 ,评价盐矿质量 ,制订采卤工艺等方面都是极其重要的手段。依据多年来从事探盐找钾工作的实践经验 ,对盐矿所含易溶、难溶两种盐类组分 ,提出了水溶和酸溶两个系统的分析 ,并针对不同类型盐矿的化学分析项目进行了合理选择     

Adjacency selection in Markov Random Fields for high spatial resolution hyperspectral data

 Markov Random Fields, implemented for the analysis of remote sensing images, capture the natural spatial dependence between band wavelengths taken at each pixel, through a suitable adjacency relationship between pixels, to be defined a priori. In most cases several adjacency definitions seem viable and a model selection problem arises. A BIC-penalized Pseudo-Likelihood criterion is suggested which combines good distributional properties and computational feasibility for analysis of high spatial resolution hyperspectral images. Its performance is compared with that of the BIC-penalized Likelihood criterion for detecting spatial structures in a high spatial resolution hyperspectral image for the Lamar area in Yellowstone National Park. Received: 9 March 2001 / Accepted: 2 August 2001