利用贝壳颜色标记分析皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中的无意识选择

利用皱纹盘跑（Haliotis discus hannai）贝壳颜色与摄食饵料相关且贝壳生成后色调不再改变等特点,以幼鲍贝壳顶部摄食底栖硅藻期间形成的褐红色部位的壳长指示它剥离时的壳长,将贝壳颜色用作形态标记,首次在皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中观察到无意识选择。在投喂人工配合饵料后的第3天与第30天,分别从遗传背景不同的8组样本...     

孟加拉笛鲷与四带笛鲷的微卫星分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,从西大西洋笛鲷（Lutjanuscampechanus）和勒氏笛鲷（L．russel—lii）的微卫星引物中筛选出适用于孟加拉笛鲷（L．bengalensis）和四带笛鲷（三．kasmira）的微卫星引物,并应用于三亚和湛江群体的遗传结构分析．结果表明：25对引物中筛选出13对可以稳定扩增出特异片段的引物,其中12对可在孟加拉笛鲷基因组中扩增出重复性好的特异性条带;10对可在四带笛鲷中扩增出重复性好的特异性条带,并且全部呈现出种内多态;9对为两个种通用．孟加拉笛鲷的湛江群体（zMJ）和三亚群体（SMJ）、四带笛鲷的湛江群体（ZSD）和三亚群体（SSD）的平均等位基因数分别为：3．8889、4．1111、4．3333、4．2222;平均观测杂合度分别为：0．5833、0．6389、0．5944、0．6389;平均多态信息含量分别为：0．4720、0．4692、0．5474、0．5257．将本实验所得结果与笛鲷鱼其他研究结果进行比较分析,可以看出目前湛江海域野生笛鲷的遗传多样性整体比较丰富,但部分野生笛鲷已表现出杂合子缺失的趋势,这势必会引起将来遗传多样性的降低,所以要尽旱对野生群体进行摸底调查。并找出解决养殖群体污染野生群体这一问题的方法．     

Effects of sand grain size and morphological traits on running speed of toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus frontalis

We conducted a manipulative experiment to investigate the influential factors of locomotor ability in steppe toad-headed lizards. By using a video-base method, we measured running speed of the lizards when they run on sands of different grain sizes. We also considered body condition, tail length and sex as fixed factors to analyze their effects on running speed of the lizard. Results showed that running speed of the lizard significantly differed among different trials of sand grain size. Specifically, the peak and the nadir values of the running speed were found on sands of 0.5-1 mm and 0.075-0.25 mm grains, respectively. When lizards ran on sands of different grain size their running speed changed significantly. Body condition and tail length also had significant effects on running speed. The findings indicated that locomotor ability of lizards depended on both body condition and the external environment. We hypothesized that sand grain size is one of the factors that influence the habitat selection in steppe toad-headed lizards. Moreover, this lizard may be used as an indicator of the development of sand dunes.     

Field measurement and scaled-down wind-tunnel model measurement of airflow field over a barchan dune

Airflow is measured over a barchan dune in the field and over a scaled-down model in a wind tunnel. The change of the flow speed over the stoss side is represented by the change of speed-up ratio. According to the field measurement, the wind profiles within 0-3m above the stoss can be divided into two segments. The lower segment, about 0.66 m thick, is the inner-boundary layer, within which the friction velocities derived from the wind profiles increase from the upwind inter-dune region to the upper stoss, and then decrease near the dune top. This change, together with the changes of airflow field, speed-up ratio and sand flux, is related to the morphological change and contributes to the stable shape and height of a barchan dune. In the wind tunnel, airflow varies in a similar way as in the field, with the speed-up ratios constantly higher than 1.0 and increasing along the stoss slope. While the segmentation of wind profiles also occurs in the wind tunnel, friction velocities derived from the wind profiles decrease along the stoss, indicating a very thin inner-boundary layer above the wind tunnel model where the detailed wind-speed change becomes difficult to measure using the present instruments.     

Nuclear field shift in natural environments

The nuclear field shift (NFS) is an isotope shift in atomic energy levels caused by a combination of differences in nuclear size and shape and electron densities at the nucleus. The effect of NFS in isotope fractionation was theoretically established by Bigeleisen in 1996 [Bigeleisen J. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:3676–3680] and has been analytically measured in laboratory chemical exchange reactions. More recently, some isotopic variations of heavy elements (Hg, Tl, U) measured in natural systems as well as isotopic anomalies measured for lower-mass elements in meteorites have been attributed to the NFS effect. These isotopic variations open up new and exciting fields of investigations in Earth sciences. In this paper, we review the different natural systems in which NFS has been proposed to be the origin of isotopic variations.     

碳酸盐岩油气藏缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法研究——以塔里木盆地轮古11井区为例

对于已进入开发中后期的碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏,进行缝洞单元精细研究非常重要。盲目部署加密井,很容易导致因为所在单元的储量已被动用而失利。本文采用的碳酸盐岩缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法是:在有井控制的地区,首先分析井间连通性,然后结合生产动态、常规解析试井、流体性质、数值试井等多学科资料确定缝洞单元边界;在无井控制的地区,影响连通性最重要的主控因素是储层本身的相互连通性,其次才是断裂和裂缝,这时可在连通性约束下进行储层和裂缝预测,并以此为主要依据确定缝洞单元边界。对塔里木盆地轮古油气田轮古11井区划分出80个缝洞单元,其中有55个为储量未动用单元(潜力单元),并部署了一些加密井,已钻的XW1井获得了成功,投产初期日产油95t,不含水。     

松原市区域基底构造特征及演化分析

松辽盆地是大型中－新生代陆相沉积盆地，具民上坳双重结构，基底形态继承了海西期近ＥＷ向构造面貌，基底断裂控制了盆地ＮＥ向展布，总体上形成了北东向分带、南北向分区的柳和局。     

The Advance of Petrologic Mechanism of Dehydration Embrittlement in Intermediate-depth Earthquakes

The mechanisms of intermediate depth earthquakes were always attracting extensive researches of interest. Among various hypotheses about the mechanisms, the close relationship between the dehydration embrittlement and earthquakes is generally accepted. The intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs occur mainly in two distinct layers, corresponding with the dehydration respectively in the hydrous meta-basalts and the serpentinite layers. In the past decades, theory researches, interpretations of seismic data and laboratory experiments have been widely adopted as the major approaches to attest the hypothesis of dehydration embrittlement. However, in the latest ten years, pseudotachylytes and some brittle structures have been discovered in paleo-subduction zones like Alps, shedding a light for a new way to study intermediate-depth earthquakes.     

苏北平原区浅层地温能可开采资源量评价方法

随着地源热泵技术的推广应用,浅层地温能作为新型可再生资源得到了重视,对浅层地温能的资源评价业已展开。目前,从浅层地温能赋存地区的地质特点出发,分析其资源可开采量的研究尚不多见。重点介绍了浅层地温能可开采资源量的常规评价方法,并针对苏北平原区的地质特点,分析了在苏北平原区的具体地质特征下不同评价方法的适用性,得出了地下水式地源热泵可开采资源量的适宜评价方法为地下水量折算法;地埋管式地源热泵可开采资源量的适宜评价方法为换热量现场测试法;通过对本地区的工程案例分析,验证了上述2种方法在苏北平原区浅层地温能可开采资源量评价中能取得较高的精度。     

紫色土经济林栽培技术

为了合理开发利用紫色土 ,保护生态环境 ,为紫色土经济林栽培提供实践指导 ,对紫色土经济林栽培技术进行了研究 测定了全垦、带垦、水平梯土、水平梯土撩壕、鱼鳞坑等 5种整地方法的土壤以及对照地 (不整地 )的土壤侵蚀量 ,观测了各种整地方法对经济林木生长发育的影响 ,同时 ,对栽植在紫色土和板页岩红壤上的经济林木的生长发育情况进行了对比 结果表明 :不同整地方法土壤侵蚀量按从大到小的顺序排列为全垦 (81 4t·hm-2a-1,以下单位均为t·h-2 a-1) >带垦 (63 6) >水平梯土 (3 8 7) >水平梯土撩壕 (3 1 8) >鱼鳞坑 (2 4 3 ) >对照(2 1 1) ;不同整地方法对经济林木生长发育的影响按由好到差的顺序排列为水平梯土撩壕、水平梯土、全垦、带垦、鱼鳞坑、对照 ;在一般抚育管理条件下 ,在紫色土坡地生长发育较好的树种或品种有板栗、枣树、杨梅、枇杷、萘李、甜柿、水蜜桃 ,生长发育一般的树种有茶树、无核蜜柑、柚子 ,生长发育较差的树种有脐橙、柑、葡萄 因此 ,在坡度不大 (<2 5°)的紫色土坡地营造经济林时 ,整地方法采用水平梯土撩壕为宜 ,栽培树种可选择板栗、枣树、杨梅、枇杷、萘李、甜柿、水蜜桃 ,还可选择无核蜜柑、茶树、柚子等