IGRF在地磁研究中的应用

IGRF（国际地磁参考场）资料在地磁学的基础研究中得到广泛的应用.利用IGRF国内外学者研究了高斯分析、地球磁场模型及其源场可能位置、重磁关系、核幔耦合、地磁场能量、地球非偶极子磁场以及长期变化场的西向漂移等,研究了IGRF在我国地区的误差以及产生的原因.在研制中国地磁等值图中也得到某些应用.     

东营凹陷东辛油田河控三角洲河口坝构型界面层次建模研究

河口坝地下储层构型的分析及建模研究甚少,至今未能建立完整的3~5级界面层次模型,迫切需要建立一套完整的三角洲河口坝构型界面层次模型。为此,本文提出了分级控制下的界面识别与井间预测相结合的河口坝储层构型建模方法。结果显示,在人机互动的共同作用下,完整的河口坝模型可以为实际生产提供空间理论上的支持。研究区各构型单元不断向前推移,形成了明显前积的三角洲模式,河口坝增生体夹角范围为0.2°~3.43°,主物源方向延伸距离为1.64km,垂直物源方向为0.89km,整体上看,河口坝增生体呈席状分布、连续性好。这一研究不仅完善了河口坝地下储集体理论的研究,而且对提高油田开发效率具有重要意义。     

准噶尔盆地陆梁油田油气源研究

地质色层效应、输道层矿物的吸附和储集层中油气的热演化,导致了生物标志物的多解性和常规油气源研究的不确定性。四面临凹,且凹陷都有可能成为其油气源区的陆梁油田油气源研究更具挑战性和难度。笔者通过对周边凹陷的构造演化、烃源岩生烃能力和地球化学特征、输道层的演化和特征以及陆梁油田油气地球化学特征进行分析,运用三环二萜烷C₂₀、C₂₁、C₂₃和甾烷C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉等生物标志物进行对比,认为陆梁油田的油主要来源于具有巨大生烃潜力的盆1井西凹陷二叠系烃源岩,气主要来自侏罗系烃源岩。     

莺歌海盆地东方1-1气田天然气来源与运聚模式

莺歌海盆地东方 1-1气田以其埋藏浅、天然气成份变化大、气藏位于底辟构造带等特征一直是研究的热点。长期以来对其气源、充注历史等问题存在不少疑问。该研究应用生烃动力学与碳同位素动力学方法通过对典型烃源岩的研究,建立起了烃源岩在地质条件下的生气模式与碳同位素分馏模式。结合天然气地质地球化学特征,研究认为:东方 1-1气田烃类气体主要来源于梅山组烃源岩,非烃气体来源于三亚组或更深部含钙地层;天然气藏形成相当晚,与底辟作用有关,烃类气体主要充注时间在 1.3Ma以后,CO₂气体主要充注时间在 0.1Ma左右;天然气成份的非均一性主要受控于底辟断裂活动所控制的幕式充注。     

城市软土地基组合锤法强夯施工振动效应研究

为研究组合锤法强夯振动对周边场地环境的影响,对南昌市某软土地基进行现场原位试验。考虑距强夯点的距离、振动方向及锤击次数的影响,在各监测点分别布置水平东西、南北向和竖向振动传感器。结果表明：采用组合锤法进行地基强夯施工时,场地竖向振动是需重点监测的内容,振动响应随监测点与强夯点距离的增大而减小;距强夯点50 m范围处地面振动速度衰减至0.2 cm/s以下,可根据地面振动速度确定安全施工范围;地面加速度受锤击次数的影响较大,且水平向加速度对锤击次数的敏感性略高于竖向,锤击次数对地面水平向振动的影响不可忽略;基于试验数据和波源振动理论建立的振动加速度衰减模型综合考虑了距强夯点的距离、振动方向和修正系数（锤击次数的影响）,经算例验证具有较强的适用性,可为同类场地采用组合锤法强夯施工提供参考。     

关于拓宽气象工作和服务领域的实践与思考

对江西省气象部门近几年拓宽工作和服务领域的实践进行了回顾,提出了拓宽领域应遵循的原则,并对今后江西省气象部门在拓宽工作和服务领域方面进行了思考。     

Geochemical comparison between gas in fluid inclusions and gas produced from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin,SW China

Natural gas in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin is dominated by hydrocarbon (HC) gas, with 78–79% methane and 2–19% C₂₊ HC. Its dryness coefficient (C₁/C_1–5) is mostly < 0.95. The gas in fluid inclusions, which has low contents of CH₄ and heavy hydrocarbons (C₂₊) and higher contents of non-hydrocarbons (e.g. CO₂), is a typical wet gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogen. Gas produced from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (here denoted field gas) has light carbon isotope values for methane (δ¹³C₁: −45‰ to −36‰) and heavier values for ethane (δ¹³C₂: −30‰ to −25‰). The case is similar for gas in fluid inclusions, but δ¹³C₁ = −36‰ to −45‰ and δ¹³C₂ = −24.8‰ to −28.1‰, suggesting that the gas experienced weak isotopic fractionation due to migration and water washing. The field gas has δ¹³C_CO2 values of −15.6‰ to −5.6‰, while the gas in fluid inclusions has δ¹³C_CO2 values of −16.6‰ to −9‰, indicating its organic origin. Geochemical comparison shows that CO₂ captured in fluid inclusions mainly originated from source rock organic matter, with little contribution from abiogenic CO₂. Fluid inclusions originate in a relatively closed system without fluid exchange with the outside following the gas capture process, so that there is no isotopic fractionation. They thus present the original state of gas generated from the source rocks. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for gas generation, evolution, migration and accumulation in the basin.     

Potential field modelling of the Baltica–Avalonia (Thor–Tornquist) suture beneath the southern North Sea

Magnetic anomaly maps of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) highlight the contrast between the highly magnetic crust of Baltica and the less magnetic terranes to the SW of the suture. Although the TESZ is imaged on gravity maps, anomalies related to postcollisional rifting and reactivated rift structures tend to dominate.

Seismic and potential field data have been used to construct 2 -D crustal models along three profiles crossing the Baltica–Avalonia suture in the southern North Sea (SNS). The first of these models lies along a transect assembled from reflection line GECO SNST 83-07 and refraction profile EUGENO-S 2; the other two models are coincident with MONA LISA profiles 1 and 2. Additional structural information and density information for the cover sequence is available from released wells, while magnetic susceptibility values are compatible with values measured from borehole core samples.

Magnetic anomalies related to the suture are interpreted as due to magnetic Baltican basement of the Ringkøbing-Fyn High dipping SW beneath nonmagnetic Avalonian basement underlying the western part of the SNS. Low-amplitude, long-wavelength magnetic anomalies occurring outboard of the suture are interpreted as due to a mid-crustal magnetic body, possibly a buried magmatic complex. This might represent the ‘missing’ arc related to inferred southward subduction of the Tornquist Sea, or an exotic element emplaced during the collision between Avalonia and Baltica. The present model supports an imbricated structure within Baltica as indicated by the latest reprocessing of the MONA LISA seismic data.     

An overview of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene positive inversions and Oligo-Miocene subsidence events in the foreland of the Tunisian Atlas: Structural style and implications for the tectonic agenda of the Maghrebian Atlas system

Structural interpretation of surface and subsurface data in the Eastern foreland basins of Tunisia, allows us to recognize positive inversion structures, i.e. related to compressional events, expressed and recorded in the Paleogene sedimentary pile of the Atlas domain. These episodes are followed by a period of relative tectonic quiescence during Oligocene-Early Miocene with development of extensional structures with slightly tilted panels, grabens and locally the development of listric normal faults branched at depth on “décollement” levels.Comparison of the seismic interpretations and field data collected along the South Atlas Front as well as in the Atlas belt, allows us to propose a tectonic scenario at the scale of Eastern Tunisia Atlas. In particular, we emphasise the role of the so-called “Atlas event” (Middle-Late Eocene), which was initially defined in Algeria but poorly outlined in Tunisia. We will show that the tectonic agenda defined in Eastern Tunisia is consistent with the one proposed elsewhere in the Maghreb allowing us to propose a unified view of the geodynamic evolution of the whole Atlas system during this period.The negative inversion recorded during Oligocene-Early Miocene along with the occurrence of synsedimentary normal faults are related to an increase of the subsidence rate in the frame of continuous shortening coeval to basin formation in the front of the Atlas. The whole Oligo-Miocene evolution results from two different mechanisms: flexuration in the front of the Atlas and the onset of the extension of the Pantelleria-Linosa-Malta rift system of central Mediterranean, which attained a climax stage later during Pliocene-Quaternary.     

碳酸盐岩中缝洞方解石成岩环境的矿物地球化学判识——以塔河油田的沙79井和沙85井为例

摘要在塔里木盆地塔河油田4区沙79井、6区沙85井奥陶系鹰山组岩芯的详细观察基础上,对裂隙、溶洞及巨型洞穴中的方解石晶体的晶胞参数、化学成分、碳、氧同位素、流体包裹体中的氢同位素等分析与研究表明,至少存在两种成岩环境:一是以大气淡水表生环境,方解石中晶胞参数(c)=17.057~17.062,Fe2O3＝0.06%~0.07%,Sr=53.3×10-6~96.2×10-6、Ba=19×10-6~28×10-6,Mg/Ca(×103)＝1.94~5.14,Sr/Ba＝2.12~5.24,δ18OPDB较低（-15‰~-17‰）、较低δ13CPDB（-4‰~-2.0‰）,不含或较少含烃类,流体包裹体中氢δDPDB＝-94.99‰~-109.54‰为特征;另一是地层混合水埋藏环境为主,方解石中晶胞参数(c)=17.064~17.065（个别达17.212）、Fe2O3＝0.06%~0.18%,Sr=111×10-6~208×10-6、Ba=215×10-6~479×10-6,Mg/Ca(×103)＝1.53~1.76,Sr/Ba＝0.49~0.58,方解石δ18OPDB低（-9.6‰~-13.7‰）、流体包裹体中氢δDPDB＝-77.5‰~-88.2‰为特征;另外,在巨型洞穴中方解石中组分的剧烈变化反映了洞穴充填发生于不同的水文地质—地球化学体系。