Fumigation under sea-breeze conditions is a major feature of the air pollution meteorology in the coastal industrial region of Kwinana, south of Perth in Western Australia. An intensive field experiment on fumigation was carried out in the region in early 1995 with the objective of using the measured data to develop and test a shoreline fumigation model. Fumigation of plumes from the Kwinana Power Station was studied using an instrumented research aircraft, radiosonde balloons, meteorological stations, a lidar, a mobile surface sampler, and sonic anemometers. The study has yielded a detailed and high quality data set as a result of both the range of observations undertaken and of the regularity of the sea-breeze conditions under scrutiny. The details of the experiment are summarised in this paper and some typical results are presented. 相似文献
A data set of parameters (slope, soil depth and soil shear strength) relevant to spatially distributed modelling of shallow
landslides triggered by rain and snowmelt events was determined from field measurements in 250 grid elements of dimensions
25 m (downslope)×10 m (across slope) in an area of 250 m×250 m on a hillslope in Scotland. These data provide an unusually
detailed basis for the evaluation of spatial variability and uncertainty in model parameterisation. The variations in slope
and soil strength are represented adequately by normal distributions; a Weibull distribution is suggested for the soil depth
data. The factor of safety calculated at each point in the grid was shown partially to identify observed landslides, with
a number of false predictions of occurrence. Trend analysis and semivariogram analysis of the data set suggest that the use
of kriging could improve upon this approach to landslide prediction by providing areal estimates of parameters at the grid
element scale with associated error bounds.
Received: 30 October 1996 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
Magnetic anomaly maps of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) highlight the contrast between the highly magnetic crust of Baltica and the less magnetic terranes to the SW of the suture. Although the TESZ is imaged on gravity maps, anomalies related to postcollisional rifting and reactivated rift structures tend to dominate.
Seismic and potential field data have been used to construct 2
-D crustal models along three profiles crossing the Baltica–Avalonia suture in the southern North Sea (SNS). The first of these models lies along a transect assembled from reflection line GECO SNST 83-07 and refraction profile EUGENO-S 2; the other two models are coincident with MONA LISA profiles 1 and 2. Additional structural information and density information for the cover sequence is available from released wells, while magnetic susceptibility values are compatible with values measured from borehole core samples.
Magnetic anomalies related to the suture are interpreted as due to magnetic Baltican basement of the Ringkøbing-Fyn High dipping SW beneath nonmagnetic Avalonian basement underlying the western part of the SNS. Low-amplitude, long-wavelength magnetic anomalies occurring outboard of the suture are interpreted as due to a mid-crustal magnetic body, possibly a buried magmatic complex. This might represent the ‘missing’ arc related to inferred southward subduction of the Tornquist Sea, or an exotic element emplaced during the collision between Avalonia and Baltica. The present model supports an imbricated structure within Baltica as indicated by the latest reprocessing of the MONA LISA seismic data. 相似文献
The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones of the Yanchang Oil Field in the
Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by the burial history and facies-related diagenetic events. The fluvial sandstones have
a higher average porosity (14.8%) and a higher permeability (12.7 × 10−3 μm2) than those of the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8 ×10−3) μm2, respectively). The burial compaction, which resulted in 15% and 20% porosity loss for Jurassic and Triassic sandstones,
respectively, is the main factor causing the loss of porosity both for the Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Among the cements,
carbonate is the main one that reduced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. The organic acidic fluid derived from organic
matter in the source rocks, the inorganic fluid from rock-water reaction during the late diagenesis, and meteoric waters during
the epidiagenesis resulted in the formation of dissolution porosity, which is the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality. 相似文献
ARDS (version 4.01), a modified version of the Arps-Roberts discovery process model, was used to forecast the remaining oil and gas resources in more than 50 provinces, super-exploration plays, and individual plays in the onshore and offshore United States for the 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment. The size distribution of oil and gas fields was estimated for the underlying distribution of fields; the size distribution for the remaining fields was calculated to be the difference between this distribution and that of discovered fields. The guidelines that govern the 1995 National Assessment require the underlying size distribution of fields to be estimated by using only data from two standard commercial data files (the NRG Associates field file and the Petroleum Information Inc. well file). However, a variety of situations required further modification of the discovery process modeling system; for example, multiple exploration plays that occurred nearly simultaneously and also displaced each other in time, and the phenomenon of field growth introduced a large bias in the forecasts produced by the discovery process models for some provinces. 相似文献